如何在JS Revealing原型模式中实现继承？

小编典典

如何在JS Revealing原型模式中实现继承？

javascript

如何继承/扩展使用“显示原型”模式的类？有没有办法制作private变量和函数protected？

基础对象示例：

myNameSpace.Person = function() {

    this.name= "";
    this.id = 0;

};

myNameSpace.Person.prototype = function(){
    var foo = function(){
        //sample private function
    };
    var loadFromJSON = function (p_jsonObject) {
       ...
    };
    var toJSON = function () {
       ...
    };
    var clone = function (p_other) {
       ...
    };

    return {
        loadFromJSON : loadFromJSON,
        toJSON: toJSON,
        clone: clone
    };
}();

阅读 304

2020-05-01

共1个答案

小编典典

JavaScript中没有受保护的变量/属性。但是，当您在同一范围内声明继承类时，可以重用“私有”变量，当私有变量只是原型的“隐藏实用程序”时，这似乎是可能的。

MyNamespace.Person = function Person(params) {
    // private variables and functions, individual for each Person instance
    var anything, id;
    function execute_something() {}

    // public properties:
    this.name = "";
    this.getId = function getId(){
        // called a "privileged function", because it has access to private variables
    }
}
MyNamespace.American = function(params) {
    MyNamespace.Person.call(this, params); // inherit name and getId()
}

(function() { // new scope for
    // hidden utility functions and other private things
    function foo() { }
    function helpJSON() { }
    function fromJSON() { }
    var bar;

    (function(personProto) { // new scope for prototype module (not explicitly needed)
        // "private" /static/ variables (and functions, if you want them private)
        var personCount = 0;

        personProto.clone = function clone() {
            return this.constructor(myself); // or something
        };
        personProto.toJSON = function toJSON() {
            // use of helpJSON()
        };
        personProto.fromJSON = fromJSON; // direct use
    })(MyNamespace.Person.prototype);

    (function(amiProto) {
        // just the same as above, if needed
        amiProto.special = function() {
            // use foo() and co
        };
    })( MyNamespace.American.prototype = Object.create(MyNamespace.Person.prototype) );
})();

这是JavaScript的继承方式，这意味着American的原型从Person的原型自动继承了clone（），toJSON（）和fromJSON（）函数。当然可以改写了。功能是

new MyNamespace.American() instanceof MyNamespace.Person; // true

当然，如果不需要，并希望使用类似模块的方式，则可以重用实用程序功能，即仅复制它们：

(function() {
    // hidden utility functions and other private things
    var bar;
    var personCount;
    function foo() { }
    function helpJSON() { }
    function fromJSON() { }
    function clone() {
        return this.constructor(myself); // or something
    }
    function toJSON() { }

    (function(personProto) { // new scope, not really needed
        // private variables are useless in here
        personProto.clone = clone;
        personProto.toJSON = toJSON;
        personProto.fromJSON = fromJSON;
    })(MyNamespace.Person.prototype);

    (function(amiProto) { // new scope, not really needed
        // copied from personProto
        amiProto.clone = clone;
        amiProto.toJSON = toJSON;
        amiProto.fromJSON = fromJSON;
        // and now the differences
        amiProto.special = function() {
            // use foo() and co
        };
    })(MyNamespace.American.prototype);
})();

2020-05-01