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使用cssSelector清除Chrome浏览器的浏览数据时,如何与#shadow-root(打开)中的元素进行交互

css

我一直在关注如何使用selenium自动实现阴影DOM元素的讨论。与#shadow-root (open)
元素一起工作。

在通过“ selenium”访问url时出现Clear data的“ 清除浏览数据”弹出窗口中定位按钮的过程中,我无法找到 以下元素:
chrome://settings/clearBrowserData

#shadow-root (open)
<settings-privacy-page>

快照:

使用Selenium,以下是我的代码试用以及遇到的相关错误:

尝试1:

WebElement root5 = shadow_root4.findElement(By.tagName("settings-privacy-page"));

错误:

    Exception in thread "main" org.openqa.selenium.JavascriptException: javascript error: b.getElementsByTagName is not a function

尝试2:

WebElement root5 = shadow_root4.findElement(By.cssSelector("settings-privacy-page"));

错误:

    Exception in thread "main" org.openqa.selenium.NoSuchElementException: no such element: Unable to locate element: {"method":"css selector","selector":"settings-privacy-page"}

尝试3:

WebElement root5 = (WebElement)((JavascriptExecutor)shadow_root4).executeScript("return document.getElementsByTagName('settings-privacy-page')[0]");

错误:

    Exception in thread "main" java.lang.ClassCastException: org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebElement cannot be cast to org.openqa.selenium.JavascriptExecutor

如果有帮助的话,初始代码块(至上一行)可以
完美工作:

driver.get("chrome://settings/clearBrowserData");
WebElement root1 = driver.findElement(By.tagName("settings-ui"));
WebElement shadow_root1 = expand_shadow_element(root1);

WebElement root2 = shadow_root1.findElement(By.cssSelector("settings-main#main"));
WebElement shadow_root2 = expand_shadow_element(root2);

WebElement root3 = shadow_root2.findElement(By.cssSelector("settings-basic-page[role='main']"));
WebElement shadow_root3 = expand_shadow_element(root3);

WebElement root4 = shadow_root3.findElement(By.cssSelector("settings-section[page-title='Privacy and security']"));
WebElement shadow_root4 = expand_shadow_element(root4);

PS:expand_shadow_element()作品完美无缺。


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2020-05-16

共1个答案

小编典典

如果您尝试获取“清除数据”元素,则可以使用下面的js获取该元素然后执行。

return document.querySelector('settings-ui').shadowRoot.querySelector('settings-main').shadowRoot.querySelector('settings-basic-page').shadowRoot.querySelector('settings-section > settings-privacy-page').shadowRoot.querySelector('settings-clear-browsing-data-dialog').shadowRoot.querySelector('#clearBrowsingDataDialog').querySelector('#clearBrowsingDataConfirm')

这是示例脚本。

driver.get("chrome://settings/clearBrowserData");
driver.manage().window().maximize();
JavascriptExecutor js = (JavascriptExecutor) driver; 
WebElement clearData = (WebElement) js.executeScript("return document.querySelector('settings-ui').shadowRoot.querySelector('settings-main').shadowRoot.querySelector('settings-basic-page').shadowRoot.querySelector('settings-section > settings-privacy-page').shadowRoot.querySelector('settings-clear-browsing-data-dialog').shadowRoot.querySelector('#clearBrowsingDataDialog').querySelector('#clearBrowsingDataConfirm')");
// now you can click on clear data button
clearData.click();

编辑2:解释

问题: Selenium不提供对ShadowDOM元素的明确支持,因为它们不在当前dom中。这就是为什么NoSuchElementException当尝试访问中的元素时我们将获得异常的原因shadow dom。注意:我们将参考图片中显示的术语。

解:

为了与之一起工作,shadow element我们必须找到shadow host暗影穹顶所连接的。这是基于shadowHost 获取影子根的简单方法。

private static WebElement getShadowRoot(WebDriver driver,WebElement shadowHost) {
    JavascriptExecutor js = (JavascriptExecutor) driver;
    return (WebElement) js.executeScript("return arguments[0].shadowRoot", shadowHost);
}

然后,您可以使用shadowRoot元素访问阴影树元素。

// get the shadowHost in the original dom using findElement
WebElement shadowHost = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("shadowHost_CSS"));
// get the shadow root
WebElement shadowRoot = getShadowRoot(driver,shadowHost);
// access shadow tree element
WebElement shadowTreeElement = shadowRoot.findElement(By.cssSelector("shadow_tree_element_css"));

为了简化上述所有步骤,创建了以下方法。

public static WebElement getShadowElement(WebDriver driver,WebElement shadowHost, String cssOfShadowElement) {
    WebElement shardowRoot = getShadowRoot(driver, shadowHost);
    return shardowRoot.findElement(By.cssSelector(cssOfShadowElement));
}

现在您可以通过单个方法调用获取shadowTree元素

WebElement shadowHost = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("shadowHost_CSS_Goes_here));
WebElement shadowTreeElement = getShadowElement(driver,shadowHost,"shadow_tree_element_css");

并执行操作如常一样.click(),.getText()。

sh```
adowTreeElement.click()


当您只有一个级别的影子DOM时,这看起来很简单。但是在这里,在
这种情况下,我们有多个级别的阴影域。因此,我们必须
通过到达每个影子主机和根来访问元素。

以下是使用上述方法的代码段(getShadowElement和getShadowRoot)

// Locate shadowHost on the current dom
WebElement shadowHostL1 = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(“settings-ui”));

// now locate the shadowElement by traversing all shadow levels
WebElement shadowElementL1 = getShadowElement(driver, shadowHostL1, “settings-main”);
WebElement shadowElementL2 = getShadowElement(driver, shadowElementL1,”settings-basic-page”);
WebElement shadowElementL3 = getShadowElement(driver, shadowElementL2,”settings-section > settings-privacy-page”);
WebElement shadowElementL4 = getShadowElement(driver, shadowElementL3,”settings-clear-browsing-data-dialog”);
WebElement shadowElementL5 = getShadowElement(driver, shadowElementL4,”#clearBrowsingDataDialog”);
WebElement clearData = shadowElementL5.findElement(By.cssSelector(“#clearBrowsingDataConfirm”));
System.out.println(clearData.getText());
clearData.click();


您可以按照答案开头所述在单个js调用中完成上述所有步骤(以下添加只是为了减少混乱)。

WebElement clearData = (WebElement) js.executeScript(“return document.querySelector(‘settings-ui’).shadowRoot.querySelector(‘settings-main’).shadowRoot.querySelector(‘settings-basic-page’).shadowRoot.querySelector(‘settings-section > settings-privacy-page’).shadowRoot.querySelector(‘settings-clear-browsing-data-dialog’).shadowRoot.querySelector(‘#clearBrowsingDataDialog’).querySelector(‘#clearBrowsingDataConfirm’)”);
```

2020-05-16