您可以像其他答案一样使用属性-因此，如果您想约束单个属性，例如说“ bar”，并将其约束为整数，则可以编写如下代码：

class Foo(object):
    def _get_bar(self):
        return self.__bar
    def _set_bar(self, value):
        if not isinstance(value, int):
            raise TypeError("bar must be set to an integer")
        self.__bar = value
    bar = property(_get_bar, _set_bar)

这有效：

>>> f = Foo()
>>> f.bar = 3
>>> f.bar
3
>>> f.bar = "three"
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
  File "<stdin>", line 6, in _set_bar
TypeError: bar must be set to an integer
>>>

（还有一种新的属性编写方法，使用内置的“属性”作为getter方法的装饰器-但我更喜欢旧方法，就像我上面提到的那样）。

当然，如果您的类具有很多属性，并希望以这种方式保护所有属性，那么它就会变得冗长。不用担心-
Python的自省功能允许创建一个类装饰器，该装饰器可以用最少的行自动实现。

def getter_setter_gen(name, type_):
    def getter(self):
        return getattr(self, "__" + name)
    def setter(self, value):
        if not isinstance(value, type_):
            raise TypeError(f"{name} attribute must be set to an instance of {type_}")
        setattr(self, "__" + name, value)
    return property(getter, setter)

def auto_attr_check(cls):
    new_dct = {}
    for key, value in cls.__dict__.items():
        if isinstance(value, type):
            value = getter_setter_gen(key, value)
        new_dct[key] = value
    # Creates a new class, using the modified dictionary as the class dict:
    return type(cls)(cls.__name__, cls.__bases__, new_dct)

然后，您仅用auto_attr_check作类装饰器，并在类主体中声明要与属性也需要约束的类型相等的属性：

...     
... @auto_attr_check
... class Foo(object):
...     bar = int
...     baz = str
...     bam = float
... 
>>> f = Foo()
>>> f.bar = 5; f.baz = "hello"; f.bam = 5.0
>>> f.bar = "hello"
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
  File "<stdin>", line 6, in setter
TypeError: bar attribute must be set to an instance of <type 'int'>
>>> f.baz = 5
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
  File "<stdin>", line 6, in setter
TypeError: baz attribute must be set to an instance of <type 'str'>
>>> f.bam = 3 + 2j
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
  File "<stdin>", line 6, in setter
TypeError: bam attribute must be set to an instance of <type 'float'>
>>>