小编典典

如何打开(读写)或创建允许截断的文件?

python

我想要:

  • 如果存在文件,则以读写模式打开它;
  • 如果不存在则创建它;
  • 能够随时随地截断它。

编辑 :用截断,我的意思是写到一个位置并丢弃文件的剩余部分(如果存在)

所有这些原子操作(一次open()调用或模拟一次open()调用)

似乎没有一种开放的方式适用:

  • r:显然不起作用;
  • r +:如果文件不存在,则失败;
  • w:重新创建文件(如果存在);
  • w +:重新创建文件(如果存在);
  • 答:看不懂;
  • a +:无法截断。

我尝试过的某些组合(rw,rw +,r + w等)似乎也不起作用。可能吗?

来自Ruby的一些文档(也适用于python):

r
Read-only mode. The file pointer is placed at the beginning of the file.
This is the default mode.

r+
Read-write mode. The file pointer will be at the beginning of the file.

w
Write-only mode. Overwrites the file if the file exists. If the file
does not exist, creates a new file for writing.

w+
Read-write mode. Overwrites the existing file if the file exists. If the
file does not exist, creates a new file for reading and writing.

a
Write-only mode. The file pointer is at the end of the file if the file
exists. That is, the file is in the append mode. If the file does not exist,
it creates a new file for writing.

a+
Read and write mode. The file pointer is at the end of the file if the file
exists. The file opens in the append mode. If the file does not exist, it
creates a new file for reading and writing.

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2020-12-20

共1个答案

小编典典

根据OpenGroup

O_TRUNC

如果文件存在并且是常规文件,并且文件已成功打开O_RDWR或O_WRONLY,则其长度将被截断为0,并且模式和所有者不变。它对FIFO特殊文件或终端设备文件没有影响。它对其他文件类型的影响取决于实现。O_TRUNC和O_RDONLY一起使用的结果是不确定的。

因此,用“ w”或“ w +”打开文件时可能会传递O_TRUNC。这给“截断”带来了不同的含义,而不是我想要的含义。

使用python,该解决方案似乎可以通过os.open()功能在低级I / O上打开文件。

以下python函数:

def touchopen(filename, *args, **kwargs):
    # Open the file in R/W and create if it doesn't exist. *Don't* pass O_TRUNC
    fd = os.open(filename, os.O_RDWR | os.O_CREAT)

    # Encapsulate the low-level file descriptor in a python file object
    return os.fdopen(fd, *args, **kwargs)

有我想要的行为。您可以像这样使用它(实际上是我的用例):

# Open an existing file or create if it doesn't exist
with touchopen("./tool.run", "r+") as doing_fd:

    # Acquire a non-blocking exclusive lock
    fcntl.lockf(doing_fd, fcntl.LOCK_EX)

    # Read a previous value if present
    previous_value = doing_fd.read()
    print previous_value

    # Write the new value and truncate
    doing_fd.seek(0)
    doing_fd.write("new value")
    doing_fd.truncate()
2020-12-20