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XLRD / Python:使用for循环将Excel文件读入dict

python

我希望阅读具有15个字段和大约2000行的Excel工作簿,并将每行转换为Python中的字典。然后,我想将每个词典添加到列表中。我希望工作簿最上面一行的每个字段都成为每个字典中的键,并让相应的单元格值成为字典中的值。我已经在和这里看过示例,但是我想做一些不同的事情。第二个示例可以工作,但是我觉得循环遍历第一行来填充字典键,然后遍历每一行来获取值会更有效。我的Excel文件包含来自论坛的数据,看起来像这样(显然带有更多列):

id    thread_id    forum_id    post_time    votes    post_text
4     100          3           1377000566   1        'here is some text'
5     100          4           1289003444   0        'even more text here'

所以,我想等领域idthread_id等等,是字典键。我希望字典看起来像:

{id: 4, 
thread_id: 100,
forum_id: 3,
post_time: 1377000566,
votes: 1,
post_text: 'here is some text'}

最初,我有一些类似这样的代码遍历文件,但是对于某些for循环,我的范围是错误的,并且生成的字典太多了。这是我的初始代码:

import xlrd
from xlrd import open_workbook, cellname

book = open_workbook('forum.xlsx', 'r')
sheet = book.sheet_by_index(3)

dict_list = []

for row_index in range(sheet.nrows):
    for col_index in range(sheet.ncols):
        d = {}

        # My intuition for the below for-loop is to take each cell in the top row of the 
        # Excel sheet and add it as a key to the dictionary, and then pass the value of 
        # current index in the above loops as the value to the dictionary. This isn't
        # working.

        for i in sheet.row(0):
           d[str(i)] = sheet.cell(row_index, col_index).value
           dict_list.append(d)

任何帮助将不胜感激。在此先感谢您的阅读。


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2021-01-20

共1个答案

小编典典

这个想法是,首先,将标题读入列表。然后,迭代工作表行(从标题后的下一个开始),基于标题键和适当的单元格值创建新字典,并将其附加到词典列表中:

from xlrd import open_workbook

book = open_workbook('forum.xlsx')
sheet = book.sheet_by_index(3)

# read header values into the list    
keys = [sheet.cell(0, col_index).value for col_index in xrange(sheet.ncols)]

dict_list = []
for row_index in xrange(1, sheet.nrows):
    d = {keys[col_index]: sheet.cell(row_index, col_index).value 
         for col_index in xrange(sheet.ncols)}
    dict_list.append(d)

print dict_list

对于包含以下内容的工作表:

A   B   C   D
1   2   3   4
5   6   7   8

它打印:

[{'A': 1.0, 'C': 3.0, 'B': 2.0, 'D': 4.0}, 
 {'A': 5.0, 'C': 7.0, 'B': 6.0, 'D': 8.0}]

UPD(扩展字典理解):

d = {}
for col_index in xrange(sheet.ncols):
    d[keys[col_index]] = sheet.cell(row_index, col_index).value
2021-01-20