我有一个关于python中可变大小的问题,我使用Ctypes是因为我想要一个1字节的数字,但是当我尝试通过python检查它的大小时(通过sys.getsize)它说是80字节,但是当我用ctypes(via ctypes.sizeof)说它只有1个字节,有人可以告诉我有什么区别,为什么会有2个不同的大小?是因为python使用了对象还是包装器?当它发送到c时,它会查看实际尺寸吗?
sys.getsize
ctypes.sizeof
import sys import ctypes print("size in ctypes is : ",ctypes.sizeof(ctypes.c_byte(1))) print("size in sys is : ",sys.getsizeof(ctypes.c_byte(1)))
结果是
size in ctypes is : 1 size in sys is : 80
如果您想了解详细信息,则应该查看一下objects.h(尤其是文件顶部的注释)。您ctypes.c_byte(1)是一个Python对象:
objects.h
ctypes.c_byte(1)
>>> import sys >>> import ctypes >>> isinstance(ctypes.c_byte(1), object) True
如@Daniel所述,sys.getsizeof获取该Python对象的大小。该Python对象大于C中相应的对象。请注意以下几点object.h:
sys.getsizeof
object.h
Objects are structures allocated on the heap. . . . The actual memory allocated for an object contains other data that can only be accessed after casting the pointer to a pointer to a longer structure type. This longer type must start with the reference count and type fields; the macro PyObject_HEAD should be used for this.
换句话说,宏PyObject_HEAD附加到每个对象的开头。这增加了Python对象的大小。
PyObject_HEAD
ctypes.sizeof另一方面,返回CPython对象中数据类型的实际大小(使用C的sizeof运算符)。
C
sizeof
编辑
根据您在Daniel的评论中提到的目标,可以在Python 3.x中通过服务器发送一个字节。下面是一个示例,说明如何使用Python的socket模块发送字节来证明这一点。
socket
这是服务器,您将在一个Python解释器中运行该服务器:
# Server import socket HOST = '' # All available interfaces PORT = 50007 # Same port as client s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM) s.bind((HOST, PORT)) s.listen(1) conn, addr = s.accept() print('Connected by', addr) while True: data = conn.recv(1) # receive data with bufsize 1; a larger bufsize will break this code if not data: break conn.sendall(data) conn.close()
这是客户端,您将在另一个python解释器中运行该客户端:
# Client import socket HOST = '127.0.0.1' # The remote host, but here using localhost PORT = 50007 # The port used by both the client and server s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM) s.connect((HOST, PORT)) s.sendall(b'1') # a bytes object data = s.recv(1) # Receive data from the socket with bufsize of 1 s.close() print('Received', repr(data)) # confirm receipt