小编典典

来自GROUP_BY的两个LEFT JOIN的GROUP_CONCAT的奇怪重复行为

mysql

是我所有表的结构和查询
(请关注 下面的 最后一个 查询)。正如您在小提琴中看到的那样,这是 当前输出:

+---------+-----------+-------+------------+--------------+
| user_id | user_name | score | reputation | top_two_tags |
+---------+-----------+-------+------------+--------------+
| 1       | Jack      | 0     | 18         | css,mysql    |
| 4       | James     | 1     | 5          | html         |
| 2       | Peter     | 0     | 0          | null         |
| 3       | Ali       | 0     | 0          | null         |
+---------+-----------+-------+------------+--------------+

没错,一切都很好。


现在,我还有一个名为“类别”的存在。每个帖子只能有一个类别。而且我也想为每个用户获得前两个类别。而这里是我的新的查询。正如您在结果中看到的,发生了一些重复:

+---------+-----------+-------+------------+--------------+------------------------+
| user_id | user_name | score | reputation | top_two_tags |   top_two_categories   |
+---------+-----------+-------+------------+--------------+------------------------+
| 1       | Jack      | 0     | 18         | css,css      | technology,technology  |
| 4       | James     | 1     | 5          | html         | political              |
| 2       | Peter     | 0     | 0          | null         | null                   |
| 3       | Ali       | 0     | 0          | null         | null                   |
+---------+-----------+-------+------------+--------------+------------------------+

看到?css,csstechnology, technology。为什么这些是重复的?我只是增加了一个LEFT JOINcategories,一模一样tags。但是它不能按预期工作,甚至会影响标签。


无论如何,这是 预期的结果:

+---------+-----------+-------+------------+--------------+------------------------+
| user_id | user_name | score | reputation | top_two_tags |        category        |
+---------+-----------+-------+------------+--------------+------------------------+
| 1       | Jack      | 0     | 18         | css,mysql    | technology,social      |
| 4       | James     | 1     | 5          | html         | political              |
| 2       | Peter     | 0     | 0          | null         | null                   |
| 3       | Ali       | 0     | 0          | null         | null                   |
+---------+-----------+-------+------------+--------------+------------------------+

有人知道我该怎么做到吗?


CREATE TABLE users(id integer PRIMARY KEY, user_name varchar(5));
CREATE TABLE tags(id integer NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY, tag varchar(5));
CREATE TABLE reputations(
    id  integer PRIMARY KEY, 
    post_id  integer /* REFERENCES posts(id) */, 
    user_id integer REFERENCES users(id), 
    score integer, 
    reputation integer, 
    date_time integer);
CREATE TABLE post_tag(
    post_id integer /* REFERENCES posts(id) */, 
    tag_id integer REFERENCES tags(id),
    PRIMARY KEY (post_id, tag_id));
CREATE TABLE categories(id INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY, category varchar(10) NOT NULL);
CREATE TABLE post_category(
    post_id INTEGER NOT NULL /* REFERENCES posts(id) */, 
    category_id INTEGER NOT NULL REFERENCES categories(id),
    PRIMARY KEY(post_id, category_id)) ;

SELECT
    q1.user_id, q1.user_name, q1.score, q1.reputation, 
    substring_index(group_concat(q2.tag  ORDER BY q2.tag_reputation DESC SEPARATOR ','), ',', 2) AS top_two_tags,
    substring_index(group_concat(q3.category  ORDER BY q3.category_reputation DESC SEPARATOR ','), ',', 2) AS category
FROM
    (SELECT 
        u.id AS user_Id, 
        u.user_name,
        coalesce(sum(r.score), 0) as score,
        coalesce(sum(r.reputation), 0) as reputation
    FROM 
        users u
        LEFT JOIN reputations r 
            ON    r.user_id = u.id 
              AND r.date_time > 1500584821 /* unix_timestamp(DATE_SUB(now(), INTERVAL 1 WEEK)) */
    GROUP BY 
        u.id, u.user_name
    ) AS q1
    LEFT JOIN
    (
    SELECT
        r.user_id AS user_id, t.tag, sum(r.reputation) AS tag_reputation
    FROM
        reputations r 
        JOIN post_tag pt ON pt.post_id = r.post_id
        JOIN tags t ON t.id = pt.tag_id
    WHERE
        r.date_time > 1500584821 /* unix_timestamp(DATE_SUB(now(), INTERVAL 1 WEEK)) */
    GROUP BY
        user_id, t.tag
    ) AS q2
    ON q2.user_id = q1.user_id 
    LEFT JOIN
    (
    SELECT
        r.user_id AS user_id, c.category, sum(r.reputation) AS category_reputation
    FROM
        reputations r 
        JOIN post_category ct ON ct.post_id = r.post_id
        JOIN categories c ON c.id = ct.category_id
    WHERE
        r.date_time > 1500584821 /* unix_timestamp(DATE_SUB(now(), INTERVAL 1 WEEK)) */
    GROUP BY
        user_id, c.category
    ) AS q3
    ON q3.user_id = q1.user_id 
GROUP BY
    q1.user_id, q1.user_name, q1.score, q1.reputation
ORDER BY
    q1.reputation DESC, q1.score DESC ;

阅读 408

收藏
2020-05-17

共1个答案

小编典典

您的第二个查询的格式为:

q1 -- PK user_id
LEFT JOIN (...
    GROUP BY user_id, t.tag
) AS q2
ON q2.user_id = q1.user_id 
LEFT JOIN (...
    GROUP BY user_id, c.category
) AS q3
ON q3.user_id = q1.user_id
GROUP BY -- group_concats

内部GROUP BY导致(user_id, t.tag)(user_id, c.category)为键/唯一。除此之外,我不会处理那些GROUP
BY。

TL; DR 当您将(q1 JOIN
q2)联接到q3时,它不在其中一个的键/唯一性上,因此对于每个user_id,您将为标记和类别的每种可能组合得到一行。因此,最终的GROUP
BY输入每个(user_id,tag)和每个(user_id,category)重复,而GROUP_CONCATs则每个user_id输入重复的标签和类别。正确的将是(q1
JOIN q2 GROUP BY)JOIN(q1 JOIN q3 GROUP
BY),其中所有联接都位于公共键/唯一(user_id)且没有虚假聚合。尽管有时您可以撤消此类虚假聚合。

正确的对称INNER JOIN方法:LEFT JOIN q1&q2–1:很多-然后是GROUP
BY&GROUP_CONCAT(这是您的第一个查询所做的事情);然后分别以类似的方式分别左移q1和q3–1:很多-然后使用GROUP
BY&GROUP_CONCAT; 然后将两个结果INNER JOIN放在user_id–1:1上。

正确的对称标量子查询方法:从q1中选择GROUP_CONCAT,作为每个带有GROUP
BY的标量子查询

正确的累积LEFT JOIN方法:LEFT JOIN q1&q2–1:很多-然后使用GROUP BY&GROUP_CONCAT; 然后左键加入&q3–
1:很多-然后是GROUP BY&GROUP_CONCAT。

一种正确的方法,如您的第二次查询:您首先左联接q1和q2–1:很多。然后您就可以加入&q3–
many:1:many。它为出现在user_id中的标记和类别的每种可能组合提供一行。然后,在GROUP BY之后,GROUP_CONCAT
–重复的(user_id,标签)对和重复的(user_id,类别)对。这就是为什么您有重复的列表元素的原因。但是将DISTINCT添加到GROUP_CONCAT可以得到正确的结果。(根据wchiquito的评论。)

通常情况下,您更希望根据实际数据/使用情况/统计信息通过查询计划和时间安排来进行工程设计权衡。输入和统计信息(预期的重复量),实际查询的时间等。一个问题是many:1:many
JOIN方法的额外行是否抵消了GROUP BY的保存。

-- cumulative LEFT JOIN approach
SELECT
   q1.user_id, q1.user_name, q1.score, q1.reputation,
    top_two_tags,
    substring_index(group_concat(q3.category  ORDER BY q3.category_reputation DESC SEPARATOR ','), ',', 2) AS category
FROM
    -- your 1st query (less ORDER BY) AS q1
    (SELECT
        q1.user_id, q1.user_name, q1.score, q1.reputation, 
        substring_index(group_concat(q2.tag  ORDER BY q2.tag_reputation DESC SEPARATOR ','), ',', 2) AS top_two_tags
    FROM
        (SELECT 
            u.id AS user_Id, 
            u.user_name,
            coalesce(sum(r.score), 0) as score,
            coalesce(sum(r.reputation), 0) as reputation
        FROM 
            users u
            LEFT JOIN reputations r 
                ON    r.user_id = u.id 
                  AND r.date_time > 1500584821 /* unix_timestamp(DATE_SUB(now(), INTERVAL 1 WEEK)) */
        GROUP BY 
            u.id, u.user_name
        ) AS q1
        LEFT JOIN
        (
        SELECT
            r.user_id AS user_id, t.tag, sum(r.reputation) AS tag_reputation
        FROM
            reputations r 
            JOIN post_tag pt ON pt.post_id = r.post_id
            JOIN tags t ON t.id = pt.tag_id
        WHERE
            r.date_time > 1500584821 /* unix_timestamp(DATE_SUB(now(), INTERVAL 1 WEEK)) */
        GROUP BY
            user_id, t.tag
        ) AS q2
        ON q2.user_id = q1.user_id 
        GROUP BY
            q1.user_id, q1.user_name, q1.score, q1.reputation
    ) AS q1
    -- finish like your 2nd query
    LEFT JOIN
    (
    SELECT
        r.user_id AS user_id, c.category, sum(r.reputation) AS category_reputation
    FROM
        reputations r 
        JOIN post_category ct ON ct.post_id = r.post_id
        JOIN categories c ON c.id = ct.category_id
    WHERE
        r.date_time > 1500584821 /* unix_timestamp(DATE_SUB(now(), INTERVAL 1 WEEK)) */
    GROUP BY
        user_id, c.category
    ) AS q3
    ON q3.user_id = q1.user_id 
GROUP BY
    q1.user_id, q1.user_name, q1.score, q1.reputation
ORDER BY
    q1.reputation DESC, q1.score DESC ;
2020-05-17