您只需要在执行以下操作后拆分列UNPIVOT：

WITH Unpivoted 
AS
(
    SELECT region, lob, columns, value
    FROM Regions
    UNPIVOT
    (
       columns
       FOR value IN([GWP 2013] , [GWP 2014] ,
                    [LR 2013]  , [LR 2014] ,
                    [GWP 2015], [LR 2015])
    ) AS u
) 
SELECT 
  region, 
  lob,
  columns,
  CAST(CASE WHEN value LIKE 'GWP%' THEN REPLACE(value,'GWP ', '')
       WHEN value LIKE 'LR%' THEN REPLACE(value,'LR ', '')
  END AS INT) AS Year,
  CASE WHEN value LIKE 'GWP%' THEN 'GWP'
       WHEN value LIKE 'LR%' THEN 'LR'
  END AS Metrics
FROM Unpivoted;

然后，您当然应该动态地执行此操作，以避免手动列出列并动态地进行操作：

DECLARE @cols AS NVARCHAR(MAX);
DECLARE @query AS NVARCHAR(MAX);

select @cols = STUFF((SELECT distinct ',' +
                        QUOTENAME(column_name)
                      FROM information_schema.columns
                      WHERE table_name = 'Regions'
                        AND COLUMN_NAME <> 'Region' 
                        AND COLUMN_NAME <> 'LOB'
                      FOR XML PATH(''), TYPE
                     ).value('.', 'NVARCHAR(MAX)') 
                        , 1, 1, '');


SELECT @query = 'WITH Unpivoted 
                AS
                (
                    SELECT region, lob, columns, value
                    FROM Regions
                    UNPIVOT
                    (
                       columns
                       FOR value IN('+ @cols + ')
                    ) AS u
                ) 
                SELECT 
                  region, 
                  lob,
                  columns,
                  CAST(CASE WHEN value LIKE ''GWP%'' THEN REPLACE(value,''GWP '', '''')
                       WHEN value LIKE ''LR%'' THEN REPLACE(value,''LR '', '''')
                  END AS INT) AS Year,
                  CASE WHEN value LIKE ''GWP%'' THEN ''GWP''
                       WHEN value LIKE ''LR%'' THEN ''LR''
                  END AS Metrics
                FROM Unpivoted';


EXECUTE(@query);

假设以下情况，这应该可以正常工作：

• 所有列[GWP 2013] , [GWP 2014] , [LR 2013] , [LR 2014] , [GWP 2015], [LR 2015], ... etc的格式都相同（GWP或LR，然后是空格，然后是年份，以及

• 所有列都是相同的数据类型int或十进制数，如果数据类型不相同，则应在执行之前unpivot将它们全部转换为一种数据类型，否则会出现错误。

• SQL小提琴演示

这将为您提供：

| region |     lob |  columns | Year | Metrics |
|--------|---------|----------|------|---------|
|  North | Workers |  38902.5 | 2013 |     GWP |
|  North | Workers | 37972404 | 2014 |     GWP |
|  North | Workers |       70 | 2015 |     GWP |
|  North | Workers |       89 | 2013 |      LR |
|  North | Workers |       82 | 2014 |      LR |
|  North | Workers |       80 | 2015 |      LR |

更新：

我曾经FOR XML PATH('') ..将所有值列表串联在一个字符串中，这是SQL
Server的一种解决方法。的值@cols将是字符串：[GWP 2013], [GWP 2014], ...。

如果您的字段数据类型不同，则必须对所有将在锚点查询中未透视的列进行强制转换，然后再执行UNPVOT以下操作：

SELECT @query = 'WITH Unpivoted 
                AS
                (
                    SELECT region, lob, columns, value
                    FROM 
                    (
                       SELECT 
                         region,
                         lob,
                         CAST([GWP 2013] AS DECIMAL(10,2)) AS [GWP 2013],
                         CAST([GWP 2014] AS DECIMAL(10,2)) AS [GWP 2014],
                         ... etc
                       FROM Regions
                    ) AS t
                    UNPIVOT
                    (
                       columns
                       FOR value IN('+ @cols + ')
                    ) AS u
                ) 
                SELECT 
                  region, 
                  lob,
                  columns,
                  CAST(CASE WHEN value LIKE ''GWP%'' THEN REPLACE(value,''GWP '', '''')
                       WHEN value LIKE ''LR%'' THEN REPLACE(value,''LR '', '''')
                  END AS INT) AS Year,
                  CASE WHEN value LIKE ''GWP%'' THEN ''GWP''
                       WHEN value LIKE ''LR%'' THEN ''LR''
                  END AS Metrics
                FROM Unpivoted';

如果发现很难手动为所有列编写类型转换，则可以动态生成它并附加它，例如：

DECLARE @colsCasted AS NVARCHAR(MAX);

select @colsCasted = STUFF((SELECT distinct ',' +
                        'CAST(' + QUOTENAME(column_name) + 'AS DECIMAL(10,2)) AS ' + QUOTENAME(column_name)
                      FROM information_schema.columns
                      WHERE table_name = 'Regions'
                        AND COLUMN_NAME <> 'Region' 
                        AND COLUMN_NAME <> 'LOB'
                      FOR XML PATH(''), TYPE
                     ).value('.', 'NVARCHAR(MAX)') 
                        , 1, 1, '');

然后在动态查询中将该值附加到它：

SELECT @query = 'WITH Unpivoted 
                    AS
                    (
                        SELECT region, lob, columns, value
                        FROM 
                        (
                          SELECT region, lob,
                          ' + @colsCasted + '
                          FROM Regions
                        ) AS t
                        UNPIVOT
                        (
                           columns
                           FOR value IN('+ @cols + ')
                        ) AS u
                    ) 
                    SELECT 
                      region, 
                      lob,
                      columns,
                      CAST(CASE WHEN value LIKE ''GWP%'' THEN REPLACE(value,''GWP '', '''')
                           WHEN value LIKE ''LR%'' THEN REPLACE(value,''LR '', '''')
                      END AS INT) AS Year,
                      CASE WHEN value LIKE ''GWP%'' THEN ''GWP''
                           WHEN value LIKE ''LR%'' THEN ''LR''
                      END AS Metrics
                    FROM Unpivoted';


    EXECUTE(@query);