您可以将表格转换为第一范式，然后比较存储在每一行中的化合物。起点可以是：

{1}对每行进行标记，然后将标记写入新表。给每个令牌其原始ID 加上
3个字母的前缀，以指示该令牌来自哪个表。{2}按ID对新（“规范化”）表的行进行分组，并执行LISTAGG（）。执行自我连接，并找到匹配的“令牌组”。

{1}标记化，创建表为select（CTAS）

create table tokens
as 
select
  ltrim(        -- ltrim() and rtrim() remove leading/trailing spaces (blanks)
    rtrim( 
      substr( N.wrapped
      , instr( N.wrapped, ',', 1, T.pos ) + 1
      , ( instr( N.wrapped, ',', 1, T.pos + 1 ) - instr( N.wrapped, ',', 1, T.pos ) ) - 1 
      ) 
    )
  ) token
, N.id
from (        
  select ',' || name1 || ',' as wrapped, 'T1_' || to_char( id_t1 ) as id from t1 -- names wrapped in commas, (table)_id
  union all
  select ',' || name2 || ',' , 'T2_' || to_char( id_t2 ) from t2  
) N join (  
  select level as pos   -- (max) possible position of char in an existing token
  from dual 
  connect by level <= (
    select greatest(    -- find the longest string ie max position (query T1 and T2) 
      ( select max( length( name1 ) ) from t1 )
    , ( select max( length( name2 ) ) from t2 )
    ) as pos
    from dual
  )  
) T
  on T.pos <= ( length( N.wrapped ) - length( replace( N.wrapped, ',') ) ) - 1 
;

不使用CONNECT BY进行标记化的灵感来自此SO答案。

不使用connect by：

WITH CTE AS (SELECT 'a,b,c,d,e' temp,1 slno  FROM DUAL
      UNION 
      SELECT 'f,g',2 from dual
      UNION 
       SELECT 'h',3 FROM DUAL
)
,x as (
  select
  ','||temp||',' temp
  ,slno
  from CTE
)
,iter as (SELECT rownum AS pos
    FROM all_objects
)
select
SUBSTR(x.temp
  ,INSTR(x.temp, ',', 1, iter.pos) + 1
  ,INSTR(x.temp, ',', 1, iter.pos + 1)-INSTR(x.temp, ',', 1, iter.pos)-1
) temp
,x.slno
from x, iter
where iter.pos < = (LENGTH(x.temp) - LENGTH(REPLACE(x.temp, ','))) - 1;

TOKENS表的内容如下所示：

SQL> select * from tokens ;
TOKEN                           ID       
ASCORBIC ACID                   T1_1     
SODIUM HYDROGEN CARBONATE       T1_2     
CAFFEINE                        T1_3     
PSEUDOEPHEDRINE HYDROCHLORIDE   T1_4     
PARACETAMOL                     T1_100   
sodium hydroxide                T1_110   
POTASSIUM HYDROGEN CARBONATE    T2_4     
SODIUM HYDROGEN CARBONATE       T2_5     
PARACETAMOL PH. EUR.            T2_6     
CODEINE PHOSPHATE               T2_7     
DEXCHLORPHENIRAMINE MALEATE     T2_8     
DEXCHLORPHENIRAMINE MALEATE     T2_10    
PARACETAMOL                     T2_200 
...

{2} GROUP BY，LISTAGG，自我加入

select
  S1.id id1
, S2.id id2
, S1.tokengroup_T1
, S2.tokengroup_T2
from 
(
  select substr( id, 4, length( id ) - 3 ) id
  , listagg( token, ' + ' ) within group ( order by token ) tokengroup_T1
  from tokens
  group by id 
  having substr( id, 1, 3 ) = 'T1_'
) S1 
  join 
(
  select substr( id, 4, length( id ) - 3 ) id
  , listagg( token, ' + ' ) within group ( order by token ) tokengroup_T2
  from tokens
  group by id 
  having substr( id, 1, 3 ) = 'T2_'
) S2 
  on S1.tokengroup_T1 = S2.tokengroup_T2
;

-- result
ID1   ID2   TOKENGROUP_T1                                                 TOKENGROUP_T2                                                 
4     10    DEXCHLORPHENIRAMINE MALEATE + PSEUDOEPHEDRINE HYDROCHLORIDE   DEXCHLORPHENIRAMINE MALEATE + PSEUDOEPHEDRINE HYDROCHLORIDE   
110   210   potassium carbonate + sodium hydroxide                        potassium carbonate + sodium hydroxide                        
1     4     ASCORBIC ACID + PARACETAMOL + POTASSIUM HYDROGEN CARBONATE    ASCORBIC ACID + PARACETAMOL + POTASSIUM HYDROGEN CARBONATE    
3     6     CAFFEINE + PARACETAMOL PH. EUR.                               CAFFEINE + PARACETAMOL PH. EUR.

以这种方式执行操作时，您可以使物质按字母顺序排列，并且还可以在此处选择所需的“定界符”（我们使用了“ +”）。

选择

如果这对您没有用，或者您认为这太复杂了，则可以尝试使用TRANSLATE（）。在这种情况下，建议您从数据集中删除所有空格/空格（在查询中- 请勿
更改原始数据！），如下所示：

询问

select 
  id1, id2
, name1, name2
from (
  select 
    id_t1 id1
  , id_t2 id2
  , T1.name1 name1
  , T2.name2 name2
  from T1
    join T2 
      on  translate( replace( T1.name1, ' ', '' ), replace( T2.name2, ' ', '' ), '!' )
        = translate( replace( T2.name2, ' ', '' ), replace( T1.name1, ' ', '' ), '!' )
) ;

结果

  ID1   ID2 NAME1                                                                NAME2                                                        
    2     5 SODIUM HYDROGEN CARBONATE, SODIUM CARBONATE ANHYDROUS, CITRIC ACID   SODIUM HYDROGEN CARBONATE, SODIUM CARBONATE ANHYDROUS        
    3     6 CAFFEINE, PARACETAMOL PH. EUR.                                       PARACETAMOL PH. EUR.,CAFFEINE                                
  100    10 PARACETAMOL, DEXTROMETHORPHAN, PSEUDOEPHEDRINE, PYRILAMINE           DEXCHLORPHENIRAMINE MALEATE, PSEUDOEPHEDRINE HYDROCHLORIDE   
  110   210 sodium hydroxide, potassium carbonate                                sodium hydroxide, potassium carbonate

注意： 我已将以下行添加到您的示例数据：

-- T1
110, 'sodium hydroxide, potassium carbonate'

-- T2
210, 'sodium hydroxide, potassium carbonate' 
211, 'potassium hydroxide, sodium carbonate'

我发现很容易使用TRANSLATE（）来给您“假阳性”，即ID为110、210和211的物质看起来会“匹配”。（换句话说：我认为这不是这项工作的正确工具。）

DBFIDDLE在这里

（点击链接以查看示例表和查询）。