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Python-如何列出目录的所有文件?

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如何在Python中列出目录的所有文件并将其添加到中list?


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2020-02-05

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小编典典

使用Python 2和3获取文件列表

os.listdir()

如何获取当前目录中的所有文件(和目录)(Python 3)

以下是在Python 3中使用oslistdir()函数仅检索当前目录中文件的简单方法。进一步的探索将演示如何返回目录中的文件夹,但你不会在子目录中拥有该文件,因此可以使用步行-稍后讨论)。

 import os
 arr = os.listdir()
 print(arr)

 >>> ['$RECYCLE.BIN', 'work.txt', '3ebooks.txt', 'documents']

glob

我发现glob更容易选择相同类型或相同的文件。看下面的例子:

import glob

txtfiles = []
for file in glob.glob("*.txt"):
    txtfiles.append(file)

glob 具有列表理解

import glob

mylist = [f for f in glob.glob("*.txt")]

glob 具有功能

该函数在参数中返回给定扩展名(.txt,.docx等)的列表。

import glob

def filebrowser(ext=""):
    "Returns files with an extension"
    return [f for f in glob.glob(f"*{ext}")]

x = filebrowser(".txt")
print(x)

>>> ['example.txt', 'fb.txt', 'intro.txt', 'help.txt']

glob 扩展先前的代码

该函数现在返回与你作为参数传递的字符串匹配的文件列表

import glob

def filebrowser(word=""):
    """Returns a list with all files with the word/extension in it"""
    file = []
    for f in glob.glob("*"):
        if word in f:
            file.append(f)
            return file

flist = filebrowser("example")
print(flist)
flist = filebrowser(".py")
print(flist)

>>> ['example.txt']
>>> ['fb.py', 'filebrowser.py']
获取完整的路径名 os.path.abspath

如你所见,上面的代码中没有文件的完整路径。如果需要绝对路径,则可以使用os.path模块的另一个函数,_getfullpathname将从os.listdir()中获取的文件作为参数。还有其他完整路径的方法,稍后我们将进行检查(如mexmex所建议,我将_getfullpathname替换为abspath)。

 import os
 files_path = [os.path.abspath(x) for x in os.listdir()]
 print(files_path)

 >>> ['F:\\documenti\applications.txt', 'F:\\documenti\collections.txt']

使用以下命令获取所有子目录中文件类型的全路径名 walk

我发现这对于在许多目录中查找内容非常有用,它帮助我找到了一个我不记得其名称的文件:

import os

# Getting the current work directory (cwd)
thisdir = os.getcwd()

# r=root, d=directories, f = files
for r, d, f in os.walk(thisdir):
    for file in f:
        if ".docx" in file:
            print(os.path.join(r, file))

os.listdir():获取当前目录中的文件(Python 2)

在Python 2中,如果要在当前目录中列出文件,则必须将参数指定为"。"。或os.listdir方法中的os.getcwd()。

 import os
 arr = os.listdir('.')
 print(arr)

 >>> ['$RECYCLE.BIN', 'work.txt', '3ebooks.txt', 'documents']

进入目录树

# Method 1
x = os.listdir('..')

# Method 2
x= os.listdir('/')

获取文件:os.listdir()在特定目录中(Python 2和3)

 import os
 arr = os.listdir('F:\\python')
 print(arr)

 >>> ['$RECYCLE.BIN', 'work.txt', '3ebooks.txt', 'documents']

使用以下命令获取特定子目录的文件 os.listdir()

import os

x = os.listdir("./content")

os.walk(‘.’) -当前目录

 import os
 arr = next(os.walk('.'))[2]
 print(arr)

 >>> ['5bs_Turismo1.pdf', '5bs_Turismo1.pptx', 'esperienza.txt']

next(os.walk(‘.’)) 和 os.path.join(‘dir’, ‘file’)

 import os
 arr = []
 for d,r,f in next(os.walk("F:\\_python")):
     for file in f:
         arr.append(os.path.join(r,file))

 for f in arr:
     print(files)

>>> F:\\_python\\dict_class.py
>>> F:\\_python\\programmi.txt

next(os.walk(‘F:\‘) -获取完整路径-列表理解

 [os.path.join(r,file) for r,d,f in next(os.walk("F:\\_python")) for file in f]

 >>> ['F:\\_python\\dict_class.py', 'F:\\_python\\programmi.txt']

os.walk -获取完整路径-子目录中的所有文件**

x = [os.path.join(r,file) for r,d,f in os.walk("F:\\_python") for file in f]
print(x)

>>> ['F:\\_python\\dict.py', 'F:\\_python\\progr.txt', 'F:\\_python\\readl.py']

os.listdir() -仅获取txt文件

 arr_txt = [x for x in os.listdir() if x.endswith(".txt")]
 print(arr_txt)

 >>> ['work.txt', '3ebooks.txt']

使用glob获得的文件的完整路径

如果我需要文件的绝对路径:

from path import path
from glob import glob
x = [path(f).abspath() for f in glob("F:\\*.txt")]
for f in x:
    print(f)

>>> F:\acquistionline.txt
>>> F:\acquisti_2018.txt
>>> F:\bootstrap_jquery_ecc.txt

使用os.path.isfile列表,以避免目录

import os.path
listOfFiles = [f for f in os.listdir() if os.path.isfile(f)]
print(listOfFiles)

>>> ['a simple game.py', 'data.txt', 'decorator.py']

使用pathlib在Python 3.4

import pathlib

flist = []
for p in pathlib.Path('.').iterdir():
    if p.is_file():
        print(p)
        flist.append(p)

 >>> error.PNG
 >>> exemaker.bat
 >>> guiprova.mp3
 >>> setup.py
 >>> speak_gui2.py
 >>> thumb.PNG

list comprehension

flist = [p for p in pathlib.Path('.').iterdir() if p.is_file()]

或者,使用pathlib.Path()代替pathlib.Path(“.”)

在pathlib.Path()中使用glob方法

import pathlib

py = pathlib.Path().glob("*.py")
for file in py:
    print(file)

>>> stack_overflow_list.py
>>> stack_overflow_list_tkinter.py

使用os.walk获取所有文件

import os
x = [i[2] for i in os.walk('.')]
y=[]
for t in x:
    for f in t:
        y.append(f)
print(y)

>>> ['append_to_list.py', 'data.txt', 'data1.txt', 'data2.txt', 'data_180617', 'os_walk.py', 'READ2.py', 'read_data.py', 'somma_defaltdic.py', 'substitute_words.py', 'sum_data.py', 'data.txt', 'data1.txt', 'data_180617']

仅获取具有next的文件并进入目录

 import os
 x = next(os.walk('F://python'))[2]
 print(x)

 >>> ['calculator.bat','calculator.py']

仅获取具有next的目录并进入目录

 import os
 next(os.walk('F://python'))[1] # for the current dir use ('.')

 >>> ['python3','others']

使用以下命令获取所有子目录名称 walk

for r,d,f in os.walk("F:\\_python"):
    for dirs in d:
        print(dirs)

>>> .vscode
>>> pyexcel
>>> pyschool.py
>>> subtitles
>>> _metaprogramming
>>> .ipynb_checkpoints

os.scandir() 从Python 3.5及更高版本开始

import os
x = [f.name for f in os.scandir() if f.is_file()]
print(x)

>>> ['calculator.bat','calculator.py']

# Another example with scandir (a little variation from docs.python.org)
# This one is more efficient than os.listdir.
# In this case, it shows the files only in the current directory
# where the script is executed.

import os
with os.scandir() as i:
    for entry in i:
        if entry.is_file():
            print(entry.name)

>>> ebookmaker.py
>>> error.PNG
>>> exemaker.bat
>>> guiprova.mp3
>>> setup.py
>>> speakgui4.py
>>> speak_gui2.py
>>> speak_gui3.py
>>> thumb.PNG

例子:

例如 1:子目录中有多少个文件?

在此示例中,我们查找所有目录及其子目录中包含的文件数。

import os

def count(dir, counter=0):
    "returns number of files in dir and subdirs"
    for pack in os.walk(dir):
        for f in pack[2]:
            counter += 1
    return dir + " : " + str(counter) + "files"

print(count("F:\\python"))

>>> 'F:\\\python' : 12057 files'

例2:如何将所有文件从一个目录复制到另一个目录?

用于在计算机中进行排序的脚本,以查找一种类型的所有文件(默认值:pptx)并将其复制到新文件夹中。

import os
import shutil
from path import path

destination = "F:\\file_copied"
# os.makedirs(destination)

def copyfile(dir, filetype='pptx', counter=0):
    "Searches for pptx (or other - pptx is the default) files and copies them"
    for pack in os.walk(dir):
        for f in pack[2]:
            if f.endswith(filetype):
                fullpath = pack[0] + "\\" + f
                print(fullpath)
                shutil.copy(fullpath, destination)
                counter += 1
    if counter > 0:
        print('-' * 30)
        print("\t==> Found in: `" + dir + "` : " + str(counter) + " files\n")

for dir in os.listdir():
    "searches for folders that starts with `_`"
    if dir[0] == '_':
        # copyfile(dir, filetype='pdf')
        copyfile(dir, filetype='txt')


>>> _compiti18\Compito Contabilità 1\conti.txt
>>> _compiti18\Compito Contabilità 1\modula4.txt
>>> _compiti18\Compito Contabilità 1\moduloa4.txt
>>> ------------------------
>>> ==> Found in: `_compiti18` : 3 files

例如 3:如何获取txt文件中的所有文件

如果要使用所有文件名创建一个txt文件,请执行以下操作:

import os
mylist = ""
with open("filelist.txt", "w", encoding="utf-8") as file:
    for eachfile in os.listdir():
        mylist += eachfile + "\n"
    file.write(mylist)

示例:包含硬盘驱动器所有文件的txt

"""
We are going to save a txt file with all the files in your directory.
We will use the function walk()
"""

import os

# see all the methods of os
# print(*dir(os), sep=", ")
listafile = []
percorso = []
with open("lista_file.txt", "w", encoding='utf-8') as testo:
    for root, dirs, files in os.walk("D:\\"):
        for file in files:
            listafile.append(file)
            percorso.append(root + "\\" + file)
            testo.write(file + "\n")
listafile.sort()
print("N. of files", len(listafile))
with open("lista_file_ordinata.txt", "w", encoding="utf-8") as testo_ordinato:
    for file in listafile:
        testo_ordinato.write(file + "\n")

with open("percorso.txt", "w", encoding="utf-8") as file_percorso:
    for file in percorso:
        file_percorso.write(file + "\n")

os.system("lista_file.txt")
os.system("lista_file_ordinata.txt")
os.system("percorso.txt")

C:\的所有文件都在一个文本文件中

这是先前代码的简短版本。如果你需要从其他位置开始,请更改开始查找文件的文件夹。这段代码在我的计算机上的文本文件上生成了50 mb的内容,其中包含完整路径的文件少于500.000行。

import os

with open("file.txt", "w", encoding="utf-8") as filewrite:
    for r, d, f in os.walk("C:\\"):
        for file in f:
            filewrite.write(f"{r + file}\n")

如何在一个类型的文件夹中写入所有路径的文件

使用此功能,你可以创建一个txt文件,该文件将具有你要查找的文件类型的名称(例如pngfile.txt),并带有该类型所有文件的所有完整路径。我认为有时候它会很有用。

import os

def searchfiles(extension='.ttf', folder='H:\\'):
    "Create a txt file with all the file of a type"
    with open(extension[1:] + "file.txt", "w", encoding="utf-8") as filewrite:
        for r, d, f in os.walk(folder):
            for file in f:
                if file.endswith(extension):
                    filewrite.write(f"{r + file}\n")

# looking for png file (fonts) in the hard disk H:\
searchfiles('.png', 'H:\\')

>>> H:\4bs_18\Dolphins5.png
>>> H:\4bs_18\Dolphins6.png
>>> H:\4bs_18\Dolphins7.png
>>> H:\5_18\marketing html\assets\imageslogo2.png
>>> H:\7z001.png
>>> H:\7z002.png

(新)找到所有文件并使用tkinter GUI打开它们

我只是想在这个2019年添加一个小应用程序来搜索目录中的所有文件,并能够通过双击列表中文件的名称来打开它们。 在此

import tkinter as tk
import os

def searchfiles(extension='.txt', folder='H:\\'):
    "insert all files in the listbox"
    for r, d, f in os.walk(folder):
        for file in f:
            if file.endswith(extension):
                lb.insert(0, r + "\\" + file)

def open_file():
    os.startfile(lb.get(lb.curselection()[0]))

root = tk.Tk()
root.geometry("400x400")
bt = tk.Button(root, text="Search", command=lambda:searchfiles('.png', 'H:\\'))
bt.pack()
lb = tk.Listbox(root)
lb.pack(fill="both", expand=1)
lb.bind("<Double-Button>", lambda x: open_file())
root.mainloop()
2020-02-05