小编典典

如何基于“最新”相关模型优化排序

sql

所以说我们有两个模型

class Product(models.Model):
    """ A model representing a product in a website. Has new datapoints referencing this as a foreign key daily """
    name = models.CharField(null=False, max_length=1024, default="To be Scraped")
    url = models.URLField(null=False, blank=False, max_length=10000)


class DataPoint(models.Model):
    """ A model representing a datapoint in a Product's timeline. A new one is created for every product daily """
    product = models.ForeignKey(Product, null=False)
    price = models.FloatField(null=False, default=0.0)
    inventory_left = models.BigIntegerField(null=False, default=0)
    inventory_sold = models.BigIntegerField(null=False, default=0)
    date_created = models.DateField(auto_now_add=True)

    def __unicode__(self):
        return "%s - %s" % (self.product.name, self.inventory_sold)

目标是根据产品附加的最新数据点的ventory_sold值对产品的QuerySet进行排序。这是我到目前为止的内容:

products = Product.objects.all()
datapoints = DataPoint.objects.filter(product__in=products)

datapoints = list(datapoints.values("product__id", "inventory_sold", "date_created"))
products_d = {}
# Loop over the datapoints values array
for i in datapoints:
    # If a datapoint for the product doesn't exist in the products_d, add the datapoint
    if str(i["product__id"]) not in products_d.keys():
        products_d[str(i["product__id"])] = {"inventory_sold": i["inventory_sold"], "date_created": i["date_created"]}
    # Otherwise, if the current datapoint was created after the existing datapoint, overwrite the datapoint in products_d
    else:
        if products_d[str(i["product__id"])]["date_created"] < i["date_created"]:
            products_d[str(i["product__id"])] = {"inventory_sold": i["inventory_sold"], "date_created": i["date_created"]}
# Sort the products queryset based on the value of inventory_sold in the products_d dictionary
products = sorted(products, key=lambda x: products_d.get(str(x.id), {}).get("inventory_sold", 0), reverse=True)

这可以正常工作,但是对于大量(500,000〜)的产品和数据点来说,它的运行速度非常慢。有没有更好的方法可以做到这一点?

顺便提一句(不重要),由于我无法找到任何有关此的信息,因此DataPoint模型的unicode方法似乎也在进行不必要的SQL查询。Django模型传递给模板后,这是否是Django模型的默认特征?


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2021-04-22

共1个答案

小编典典

我认为您可以在此处使用子查询来注释最新数据点的值,然后对其进行排序。

根据这些文档中的示例,结果将类似于:

from django.db.models import OuterRef, Subquery
newest = DataPoint.objects.filter(product=OuterRef('pk')).order_by('-date_created')
products = Product.objects.annotate(
    newest_inventory_sold=Subquery(newest.values('inventory_sold')[:1])
).order_by('newest_inventory_sold')

从侧面讲,为避免在输出DataPoints时出现额外的查询,您将需要select_related在原始查询中使用:

datapoints = DatePoint.objects.filter(...).select_related('product')

这将执行JOIN操作,以便获取产品名称不会引起新的数据库查找。

2021-04-22