也许不是最有效的方法，但是它是递归工作的（也就是说，如果它crit_description本身包含“占位符”，那么这些占位符也会被扩展。（第一个解决方案比下面的显示更简单，没有执行此递归步骤。）我添加的第三个示例输入。如果可以再清理一些，我将在以后再次发布。

注意：这假定在criteria_info表中实际找到所有“占位符” 。我没有测试如果找不到它们会发生什么。OP陈述要求。

with
     inputs ( criteria ) as (
       select '$1 = True' from dual union all
       select '$2 > $3'   from dual union all
       select '$1 = $4'   from dual
     ),
     criteria_info ( crit_id, crit_description ) as (
       select 1, 'Example 1' from dual union all
       select 2, 'Example 2' from dual union all
       select 3, 'Example 3' from dual union all
       select 4, '$2 + $3'   from dual
     ),
     rec ( criteria, new_str ) as (
       select  criteria, criteria
         from  inputs        
       union all       
       select  r.criteria, 
               regexp_replace(r.new_str, '\$\d+', c.crit_description, 1, 1)
         from  rec r inner join criteria_info c
               on to_number(regexp_substr(r.new_str, '\$(\d+)', 1, 1, null, 1)) = c.crit_id
         where regexp_substr(r.new_str, '\$\d+') is not null
     )
select criteria, new_str
from   rec
where  regexp_substr(new_str, '\$\d+') is null
;


CRITERIA  NEW_STR
--------- ------------------------------------
$1 = True Example 1 = True
$2 > $3   Example 2 > Example 3
$1 = $4   Example 1 = Example 2 + Example 3

3 rows selected.