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SQL Server:列到行

sql

寻找优雅的(或任何)解决方案以将列转换为行。

这是一个示例:我有一个具有以下架构的表:

[ID] [EntityID] [Indicator1] [Indicator2] [Indicator3] ... [Indicator150]

这是我想要得到的结果:

[ID] [EntityId] [IndicatorName] [IndicatorValue]

结果值为:

1 1 'Indicator1' 'Value of Indicator 1 for entity 1'
2 1 'Indicator2' 'Value of Indicator 2 for entity 1'
3 1 'Indicator3' 'Value of Indicator 3 for entity 1'
4 2 'Indicator1' 'Value of Indicator 1 for entity 2'

等等..

这有意义吗?您对在哪里看以及如何在T-SQL中完成操作有任何建议吗?


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2021-05-05

共1个答案

小编典典

您可以使用UNPIVOT函数将列转换为行:

select id, entityId,
  indicatorname,
  indicatorvalue
from yourtable
unpivot
(
  indicatorvalue
  for indicatorname in (Indicator1, Indicator2, Indicator3)
) unpiv;

请注意,要取消透视的列的数据类型必须相同,因此您可能必须在应用取消透视之前转换数据类型。

您还可以CROSS APPLY与UNION ALL一起使用来转换列:

select id, entityid,
  indicatorname,
  indicatorvalue
from yourtable
cross apply
(
  select 'Indicator1', Indicator1 union all
  select 'Indicator2', Indicator2 union all
  select 'Indicator3', Indicator3 union all
  select 'Indicator4', Indicator4 
) c (indicatorname, indicatorvalue);

根据您的SQL Server版本,您甚至可以将CROSS APPLY与VALUES子句一起使用:

select id, entityid,
  indicatorname,
  indicatorvalue
from yourtable
cross apply
(
  values
  ('Indicator1', Indicator1),
  ('Indicator2', Indicator2),
  ('Indicator3', Indicator3),
  ('Indicator4', Indicator4)
) c (indicatorname, indicatorvalue);

最后,如果您有150列要取消透视,并且您不想对整个查询进行硬编码,则可以使用动态SQL生成sql语句:

DECLARE @colsUnpivot AS NVARCHAR(MAX),
   @query  AS NVARCHAR(MAX)

select @colsUnpivot 
  = stuff((select ','+quotename(C.column_name)
           from information_schema.columns as C
           where C.table_name = 'yourtable' and
                 C.column_name like 'Indicator%'
           for xml path('')), 1, 1, '')

set @query 
  = 'select id, entityId,
        indicatorname,
        indicatorvalue
     from yourtable
     unpivot
     (
        indicatorvalue
        for indicatorname in ('+ @colsunpivot +')
     ) u'

exec sp_executesql @query;
2021-05-05