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小编典典

如何从脚本本身中获取 Bash 脚本的源目录？

Bash

如何获取其中的目录路径的Bash脚本位于，里面那个脚本？

我想使用 Bash 脚本作为另一个应用程序的启动器。我想将工作目录更改为 Bash 脚本所在的目录，以便我可以对该目录中的文件进行操作，如下所示：

$ ./application

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2022-01-05

共2个答案

小编典典 

#!/usr/bin/env bash

SCRIPT_DIR=$( cd -- "$( dirname -- "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}" )" &> /dev/null && pwd )

是一个有用的单行程序，无论从何处调用脚本，它都会为您提供脚本的完整目录名称。

只要用于查找脚本的路径的最后一个组件不是符号链接（目录链接正常），它就会起作用。如果您还想解析脚本本身的任何链接，则需要多行解决方案：

#!/usr/bin/env bash

SOURCE=${BASH_SOURCE[0]}
while [ -h "$SOURCE" ]; do # resolve $SOURCE until the file is no longer a symlink
  DIR=$( cd -P "$( dirname "$SOURCE" )" >/dev/null 2>&1 && pwd )
  SOURCE=$(readlink "$SOURCE")
  [[ $SOURCE != /* ]] && SOURCE=$DIR/$SOURCE # if $SOURCE was a relative symlink, we need to resolve it relative to the path where the symlink file was located
done
DIR=$( cd -P "$( dirname "$SOURCE" )" >/dev/null 2>&1 && pwd )

最后一个将适用于别名、source、bash -c、 符号链接等的任意组合。

注意：如果您cd在运行此代码段之前到不同的目录，结果可能不正确！

此外，如果用户巧妙地覆盖 cd 以将输出重定向到 stderr（包括转义序列，例如在 Mac 上调用时），请注意$CDPATHgotchas和 stderr 输出副作用update_terminal_cwd >&2。>/dev/null 2>&1在cd命令末尾添加将处理这两种可能性。

要了解它是如何工作的，请尝试运行这个更详细的表单：

#!/usr/bin/env bash

SOURCE=${BASH_SOURCE[0]}
while [ -h "$SOURCE" ]; do # resolve $SOURCE until the file is no longer a symlink
  TARGET=$(readlink "$SOURCE")
  if [[ $TARGET == /* ]]; then
    echo "SOURCE '$SOURCE' is an absolute symlink to '$TARGET'"
    SOURCE=$TARGET
  else
    DIR=$( dirname "$SOURCE" )
    echo "SOURCE '$SOURCE' is a relative symlink to '$TARGET' (relative to '$DIR')"
    SOURCE=$DIR/$TARGET # if $SOURCE was a relative symlink, we need to resolve it relative to the path where the symlink file was located
  fi
done
echo "SOURCE is '$SOURCE'"
RDIR=$( dirname "$SOURCE" )
DIR=$( cd -P "$( dirname "$SOURCE" )" >/dev/null 2>&1 && pwd )
if [ "$DIR" != "$RDIR" ]; then
  echo "DIR '$RDIR' resolves to '$DIR'"
fi
echo "DIR is '$DIR'"

它会打印如下内容：

SOURCE './scriptdir.sh' is a relative symlink to 'sym2/scriptdir.sh' (relative to '.')
SOURCE is './sym2/scriptdir.sh'
DIR './sym2' resolves to '/home/ubuntu/dotfiles/fo fo/real/real1/real2'
DIR is '/home/ubuntu/dotfiles/fo fo/real/real1/real2'
2022-01-05
小编典典

使用dirname "$0"：

#!/bin/bash
echo "The script you are running has basename `basename "$0"`, dirname `dirname "$0"`"
echo "The present working directory is `pwd`"

pwd如果您不是从脚本所在的目录运行脚本，单独使用将不起作用。

[matt@server1 ~]$ pwd
/home/matt
[matt@server1 ~]$ ./test2.sh
The script you are running has basename test2.sh, dirname .
The present working directory is /home/matt
[matt@server1 ~]$ cd /tmp
[matt@server1 tmp]$ ~/test2.sh
The script you are running has basename test2.sh, dirname /home/matt
The present working directory is /tmp
2022-01-05