引用PHP Manual on Language
Operators

+ 运算符返回附加到左侧数组的右侧数组；对于两个数组中都存在的键，将使用左侧数组中的元素，而忽略右侧数组中的匹配元素。

所以如果你这样做

$array1 = ['one',   'two',          'foo' => 'bar'];
$array2 = ['three', 'four', 'five', 'foo' => 'baz'];

print_r($array1 + $array2);

你会得到

Array
(
    [0] => one   // preserved from $array1 (left-hand array)
    [1] => two   // preserved from $array1 (left-hand array)
    [foo] => bar // preserved from $array1 (left-hand array)
    [2] => five  // added from $array2 (right-hand array)
)

所以 的逻辑+等价于以下代码段：

$union = $array1;

foreach ($array2 as $key => $value) {
    if (false === array_key_exists($key, $union)) {
        $union[$key] = $value;
    }
}

如果您对 C 级实现的细节感兴趣，请访问

• php-src/Zend/ zend_operators.c

请注意，这与组合数组+的方式不同：array_merge()

print_r(array_merge($array1, $array2));

会给你

Array
(
    [0] => one   // preserved from $array1
    [1] => two   // preserved from $array1
    [foo] => baz // overwritten from $array2
    [2] => three // appended from $array2
    [3] => four  // appended from $array2
    [4] => five  // appended from $array2
)

有关更多示例，请参见链接页面。