我有一张表来存储关于我的兔子的信息。它看起来像这样:
create table rabbits (rabbit_id bigserial primary key, info json not null); insert into rabbits (info) values ('{"name":"Henry", "food":["lettuce","carrots"]}'), ('{"name":"Herald","food":["carrots","zucchini"]}'), ('{"name":"Helen", "food":["lettuce","cheese"]}');
我应该如何找到喜欢胡萝卜的兔子?我想出了这个:
select info->>'name' from rabbits where exists ( select 1 from json_array_elements(info->'food') as food where food::text = '"carrots"' );
我不喜欢那个查询。一团糟。
作为一名全职养兔人,我没有时间更改我的数据库架构。我只想好好喂养我的兔子。有没有更易读的方式来做那个查询?
从 PostgreSQL 9.4 开始,您可以使用?运算符:
?
select info->>'name' from rabbits where (info->'food')::jsonb ? 'carrots';
如果您改为使用jsonb 类型,您甚至可以对键上的?查询进行索引:"food" __
"food"
alter table rabbits alter info type jsonb using info::jsonb; create index on rabbits using gin ((info->'food')); select info->>'name' from rabbits where info->'food' ? 'carrots';
当然,作为全职兔子饲养员,您可能没有时间这样做。
更新: 这是一个由 1,000,000 只兔子组成的桌子上的性能改进演示,其中每只兔子喜欢两种食物,其中 10% 喜欢胡萝卜:
d=# -- Postgres 9.3 solution d=# explain analyze select info->>'name' from rabbits where exists ( d(# select 1 from json_array_elements(info->'food') as food d(# where food::text = '"carrots"' d(# ); Execution time: 3084.927 ms d=# -- Postgres 9.4+ solution d=# explain analyze select info->'name' from rabbits where (info->'food')::jsonb ? 'carrots'; Execution time: 1255.501 ms d=# alter table rabbits alter info type jsonb using info::jsonb; d=# explain analyze select info->'name' from rabbits where info->'food' ? 'carrots'; Execution time: 465.919 ms d=# create index on rabbits using gin ((info->'food')); d=# explain analyze select info->'name' from rabbits where info->'food' ? 'carrots'; Execution time: 256.478 ms