小编典典

从 shell 脚本中调用函数返回值

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我想从 shell 脚本中调用的函数返回值。也许我错过了语法。我尝试使用全局变量。但这也行不通。代码是:

lockdir="somedir"
test() {
    retval=""

    if mkdir "$lockdir"
        then    # Directory did not exist, but it was created successfully
            echo >&2 "successfully acquired lock: $lockdir"
            retval="true"
        else
            echo >&2 "cannot acquire lock, giving up on $lockdir"
            retval="false"
    fi
    return retval
}


retval=test()
if [ "$retval" == "true" ]
    then
        echo "directory not created"
    else
        echo "directory already created"
fi

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2022-08-24

共1个答案

小编典典

Bash 函数不能像您希望的那样直接返回字符串。你可以做三件事:

  1. 回显一个字符串
  2. 返回一个退出状态,它是一个数字,而不是一个字符串
  3. 共享变量

这也适用于其他一些 shell。

以下是如何执行每个选项:

1. 回音弦

lockdir="somedir"
testlock(){
    retval=""
    if mkdir "$lockdir"
    then # Directory did not exist, but it was created successfully
         echo >&2 "successfully acquired lock: $lockdir"
         retval="true"
    else
         echo >&2 "cannot acquire lock, giving up on $lockdir"
         retval="false"
    fi
    echo "$retval"
}

retval=$( testlock )
if [ "$retval" == "true" ]
then
     echo "directory not created"
else
     echo "directory already created"
fi

2.返回退出状态

lockdir="somedir"
testlock(){
    if mkdir "$lockdir"
    then # Directory did not exist, but was created successfully
         echo >&2 "successfully acquired lock: $lockdir"
         retval=0
    else
         echo >&2 "cannot acquire lock, giving up on $lockdir"
         retval=1
    fi
    return "$retval"
}

testlock
retval=$?
if [ "$retval" == 0 ]
then
     echo "directory not created"
else
     echo "directory already created"
fi

3.共享变量

lockdir="somedir"
retval=-1
testlock(){
    if mkdir "$lockdir"
    then # Directory did not exist, but it was created successfully
         echo >&2 "successfully acquired lock: $lockdir"
         retval=0
    else
         echo >&2 "cannot acquire lock, giving up on $lockdir"
         retval=1
    fi
}

testlock
if [ "$retval" == 0 ]
then
     echo "directory not created"
else
     echo "directory already created"
fi
2022-08-24