我有一个相当简单的设置。一个包含3个模块的Maven项目：core / webapp / model。我正在使用Spring
Boot来完善我的应用程序。在webapp中，我有一个简单的WebappConfig类，如下所示：

@Configuration
@EnableAutoConfiguration
@ComponentScan(excludeFilters = @ComponentScan.Filter(Configuration.class))
public class WebappConfig {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication app = new SpringApplication(WebappConfig.class);
        app.setAdditionalProfiles("dev");
        app.run(args);
    }
}

核心/模型模块中的类很少。我的容器应用点是：

public class AbcdXml extends SpringBootServletInitializer {

    @Override
    protected SpringApplicationBuilder configure(SpringApplicationBuilder application) {
        return application.sources(WebappConfig.class);
    }

}

而且没有web.xml！我模型的pom具有以下与spring boot相关的依赖关系：

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
</dependency>

核心的pom.xml：

<dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
      <scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>
    <scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-batch</artifactId>
</dependency>

现在，通过“运行方式->
Java应用程序”运行WebappConfig可以很好地运行，但是我需要在tomcat7上部署该项目。Webapp的包装就是战争。除了tomcat-
jdbc和tomcat-tuli jar外，lib中没有提供tomcat的jar（应该没有问题吗？）。

当我部署abcd.war时，applicationcontext被加载两次，并导致以下错误stracktrace：

2014-06-27 11:06:08.445  INFO 23467 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.a.c.c.C.[.[localhost].[/abcd]        : Initializing Spring embedded WebApplicationContext
2014-06-27 11:06:08.446  INFO 23467 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.web.context.ContextLoader            : Root WebApplicationContext: initialization completed in 19046 ms
2014-06-27 11:06:21.308  INFO 23467 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.b.c.e.ServletRegistrationBean        : Mapping servlet: 'dispatcherServlet' to [/]
2014-06-27 11:06:21.313  INFO 23467 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.b.c.embedded.FilterRegistrationBean  : Mapping filter: 'errorPageFilter' to: [/*]
2014-06-27 11:06:21.314  INFO 23467 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.b.c.embedded.FilterRegistrationBean  : Mapping filter: 'hiddenHttpMethodFilter' to: [/*]
2014-06-27 11:06:26.073  INFO 23467 --- [ost-startStop-1] j.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean : Building JPA container EntityManagerFactory for persistence unit 'default'
2014-06-27 11:06:26.127  INFO 23467 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.hibernate.jpa.internal.util.LogHelper  : HHH000204: Processing PersistenceUnitInfo [
    name: default
    ...]
2014-06-27 11:06:26.511  INFO 23467 --- [ost-startStop-1] org.hibernate.Version                    : HHH000412: Hibernate Core {4.3.1.Final}
2014-06-27 11:06:26.521  INFO 23467 --- [ost-startStop-1] org.hibernate.cfg.Environment            : HHH000206: hibernate.properties not found
2014-06-27 11:06:26.527  INFO 23467 --- [ost-startStop-1] org.hibernate.cfg.Environment            : HHH000021: Bytecode provider name : javassist
//some info messages from spring boot
2014-06-27 11:07:31.664  INFO 23467 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.w.s.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping  : Mapped URL path [/**/favicon.ico] onto handler of type [class org.springframework.web.servlet.resource.ResourceHttpRequestHandler]
2014-06-27 11:07:33.095  INFO 23467 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.w.s.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping  : Mapped URL path [/**] onto handler of type [class org.springframework.web.servlet.resource.ResourceHttpRequestHandler]
2014-06-27 11:07:33.096  INFO 23467 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.w.s.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping  : Mapped URL path [/webjars/**] onto handler of type [class org.springframework.web.servlet.resource.ResourceHttpRequestHandler]
2014-06-27 11:07:36.080  INFO 23467 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.j.e.a.AnnotationMBeanExporter        : Registering beans for JMX exposure on startup
2014-06-27 11:08:49.583  INFO 23467 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.boot.SpringApplication               : Started application in 183.152 seconds (JVM running for 210.258)
2014-06-27 11:12:29.229 ERROR 23467 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.a.c.c.C.[.[localhost].[/abcd]        : Exception sending context initialized event to listener instance of class org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener

java.lang.IllegalStateException: Cannot initialize context because there is already a root application context present - check whether you have multiple ContextLoader* definitions in your web.xml!
    at org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoader.initWebApplicationContext(ContextLoader.java:277)
    at org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener.contextInitialized(ContextLoaderListener.java:106)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.listenerStart(StandardContext.java:4937)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.startInternal(StandardContext.java:5434)
    at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:150)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChildInternal(ContainerBase.java:901)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChild(ContainerBase.java:877)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.addChild(StandardHost.java:633)
    at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployWAR(HostConfig.java:976)
    at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig$DeployWar.run(HostConfig.java:1653)
    at java.util.concurrent.Executors$RunnableAdapter.call(Executors.java:471)
    at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask$Sync.innerRun(FutureTask.java:334)
    at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:166)
    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1110)
    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:603)
    at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:722)

正如我前面提到的，没有web.xml。

我无法弄清为什么一些有趣的事情：

1. 战争爆发后，tomcat以某种方式用默认的web.xml创建了一个ROOT文件夹[必须是Spring boot misconfiguration。我该如何纠正？请问指针？]
2. 即使我在AbcdXml.java中返回相同的“应用程序” SpringApplicationBuilder，我也面临相同的applicationcontext加载两次的问题。

谢谢你的帮助！

编辑1：

ROOT文件夹中生成的web.xml的内容：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-app_2_5.xsd" version="2.5">
</web-app>