根据help cd，

  Options:
      -L        force symbolic links to be followed: resolve symbolic
                links in DIR after processing instances of `..'
      -P        use the physical directory structure without following
                symbolic links: resolve symbolic links in DIR before
                processing instances of `..'

换句话说，-L是指使用 逻辑 结构，而-P实际上使用 物理 目录结构。

逻辑结构是这样的，

$ tree a
a
└── b
    └── symlink -> ..

去的时候实际的物理结构a/b/symlink是

a

如果要使用 real ..，则还必须使用cd -P：

          The -P option says to use the physical directory
          structure instead of following symbolic links (see
          also the -P option to the set builtin command);
          the -L option forces symbolic links to be followed.

一个例子，

$ cd
$ cd a/b/symlink   # physical location is at a/
$ cd ..            # now is at a/b
$ cd symlink       # goes back to a/b/symlink
$ cd -P ..         # follow physical path (resolve all symlinks)
$ pwd -P           # -P is optional here to show effect of cd ..
/home/sarnold
$