我只需要一些主机上没有的软件包(我和linux …我们…我们并没有花费太多时间…)。
我曾经像这样安装它们:
# from the source python setup.py install --user
要么
# with easy_install easy_install prefix=~/.local package
但是它不适用于lxml。在构建过程中出现很多错误:
x:~/lxml-2.3$ python setup.py build Building lxml version 2.3. Building without Cython. ERROR: /bin/sh: xslt-config: command not found ** make sure the development packages of libxml2 and libxslt are installed ** Using build configuration of libxslt running build running build_py running build_ext building 'lxml.etree' extension gcc -pthread -fno-strict-aliasing -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O2 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -fPIC -I/usr/include/python2.6 -c src/lxml/lxml.etree.c -o build/temp.linux-i686-2.6/src/lxml/lxml.etree.o -w In file included from src/lxml/lxml.etree.c:227: src/lxml/etree_defs.h:9:31: error: libxml/xmlversion.h: No such file or directory src/lxml/etree_defs.h:11:4: error: #error the development package of libxml2 (header files etc.) is not installed correctly src/lxml/etree_defs.h:13:32: error: libxslt/xsltconfig.h: No such file or directory src/lxml/etree_defs.h:15:4: error: #error the development package of libxslt (header files etc.) is not installed correctly src/lxml/lxml.etree.c:230:29: error: libxml/encoding.h: No such file or directory src/lxml/lxml.etree.c:231:28: error: libxml/chvalid.h: No such file or directory src/lxml/lxml.etree.c:232:25: error: libxml/hash.h: No such file or directory ... src/lxml/lxml.etree.c:55179: error: Б─≤xmlNodeБ─≥ undeclared (first use in this function) src/lxml/lxml.etree.c:55179: error: Б─≤__pyx_v_c_nodeБ─≥ undeclared (first use in this function) src/lxml/lxml.etree.c:55184: error: Б─≤_node_to_node_functionБ─≥ undeclared (first use in this function) src/lxml/lxml.etree.c:55184: error: expected Б─≤;Б─≥ before Б─≤__pyx_v_next_elementБ─≥ src/lxml/lxml.etree.c:55251: error: Б─≤struct __pyx_obj_4lxml_5etree__ReadOnlyProxyБ─≥ has no member named Б─≤_c_nodeБ─≥ ...
http://lxml.de/installation.html表示它具有某些依赖性。但是如何在没有管理权限的情况下安装它们?
如果您没有管理员权限,并且不能说服管理员为您安装相关的软件包,则有两种选择:
选项1 -下载来源libxml2和libxslt编译并您在安装它们$HOME的地方,然后构建Python- LXML对这些副本。
libxml2
libxslt
$HOME
这是一个非常复杂的示例,因为如果您缺少其他依赖项,则可能需要很长时间才能下载/编译。
选项2- 下载与服务器上使用的Linux相同发行版的二进制软件包,然后将内容提取到主目录下。
例如,如果您正在运行Ubuntu Lucid,则首先要找到您的操作系统正在使用的版本,然后下载缺少的软件包:
% uname -m x86_64 % aptitude show libxml2 | grep Version Version: 2.7.6.dfsg-1ubuntu1.1
接下来,直接从Ubuntu服务器下载您需要的软件包:
% mkdir root ; cd root % wget http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/libx/libxml2/libxml2_2.7.6.dfsg-1ubuntu1.1_amd64.deb % wget http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/libx/libxslt/libxslt1.1_1.1.26-6build1_amd64.deb % wget http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/l/lxml/python-lxml_2.2.4-1_amd64.deb
提取内容,合并lxml本机代码和纯python代码,并将共享库移到顶部,然后删除提取的内容:
% dpkg-deb -x libxml2_2.7.6.dfsg-1ubuntu1.1_amd64.deb . % dpkg-deb -x libxslt1.1_1.1.26-6build1_amd64.deb . % dpkg-deb -x python-lxml_2.2.4-1_amd64.deb . % mv ./usr/lib/python2.6/dist-packages/lxml . % mv ./usr/share/pyshared/lxml/* lxml % mv ./usr/lib . % rm *.deb % rm -rf usr
最后,要使用这些文件,您需要设置LD_LIBRARY_PATH和PYTHONPATH环境变量以指向$HOME/root。将它们放在您的~/.bashrc(或同等的)中,以便它们是永久的:
$HOME/root
~/.bashrc
% export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$HOME/root/lib % export PYTHONPATH=$HOME/root
您可以使用ldd(如果已安装)验证是否找到共享对象:
ldd
% ldd $HOME/root/lxml/etree.so | grep $HOME libxslt.so.1 => /home/user/root/lib/libxslt.so.1 (0x00007ff9b1f0f000) libexslt.so.0 => /home/user/root/lib/libexslt.so.0 (0x00007ff9b1cfa000) libxml2.so.2 => /home/user/root/lib/libxml2.so.2 (0x00007ff9b19a9000)
然后就可以测试Python了:
% python >>> from lxml import etree