有一种套接字方法可以获取给定网络接口的IP:
import socket import fcntl import struct def get_ip_address(ifname): s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM) return socket.inet_ntoa(fcntl.ioctl( s.fileno(), 0x8915, # SIOCGIFADDR struct.pack('256s', ifname[:15]) )[20:24])
返回以下内容:
>>> get_ip_address('lo') '127.0.0.1' >>> get_ip_address('eth0') '38.113.228.130'
是否有类似的方法返回该接口的网络传输?我知道我可以阅读,/proc/net/dev但是我想使用套接字方法。
/proc/net/dev
轮询以太网接口统计信息的最佳方法是通过SNMP …
snmpd
SNMPDOPTS
SNMPDOPTS='-Lsd -Lf /dev/null -u snmp -I -smux,usmConf,iquery,dlmod,diskio,lmSensors,hr_network,snmpEngine,system_mib,at,interface,ifTable,ipAddressTable,ifXTable,ip,cpu,tcpTable,udpTable,ipSystemStatsTable,ip,snmp_mib,tcp,icmp,udp,proc,memory,snmpNotifyTable,inetNetToMediaTable,ipSystemStatsTable,disk -Lsd -p /var/run/snmpd.pid'
您可能还需要将ro社区更改为public See Note 1并设置您的侦听接口/etc/snmp/snmpd.conf(如果不在环回上)…
public
/etc/snmp/snmpd.conf
假设您现在具有功能snmpd,则可以使用此方法轮询ifHCInBytes并ifHCOutBytes 查看有问题的接口的注释2。
ifHCInBytes
ifHCOutBytes
poll_bytes.py :
from SNMP import v2Manager import time def poll_eth0(manager=None): # NOTE: 2nd arg to get_index should be a valid ifName value in_bytes = manager.get_index('ifHCInOctets', 'eth0') out_bytes = manager.get_index('ifHCOutOctets', 'eth0') return (time.time(), int(in_bytes), int(out_bytes)) # Prep an SNMP manager object... mgr = v2Manager('localhost') mgr.index('ifName') stats = list() # Insert condition below, instead of True... while True: stats.append(poll_eth0(mgr)) print poll_eth0(mgr) time.sleep(5)
SNMP.py :
SNMP.py
from subprocess import Popen, PIPE import re class v2Manager(object): def __init__(self, addr='127.0.0.1', community='public'): self.addr = addr self.community = community self._index = dict() def bulkwalk(self, oid='ifName'): cmd = 'snmpbulkwalk -v 2c -Osq -c %s %s %s' % (self.community, self.addr, oid) po = Popen(cmd, shell=True, stdout=PIPE, executable='/bin/bash') output = po.communicate()[0] result = dict() for line in re.split(r'\r*\n', output): if line.strip()=="": continue idx, value = re.split(r'\s+', line, 1) idx = idx.replace(oid+".", '') result[idx] = value return result def bulkwalk_index(self, oid='ifOutOctets'): result = dict() if not (self._index==dict()): vals = self.bulkwalk(oid=oid) for key, val in vals.items(): idx = self._index.get(key, None) if not (idx is None): result[idx] = val else: raise ValueError, "Could not find '%s' in the index (%s)" % self.index else: raise ValueError, "Call the index() method before calling bulkwalk_index()" return result def get_index(self, oid='ifOutOctets', index=''): # This method is horribly inefficient... improvement left as exercise for the reader... if index: return self.bulkwalk_index().get(index, "<unknown>") else: raise ValueError, "Please include an index to get" def index(self, oid='ifName'): self._index = self.bulkwalk(oid=oid)
结束说明:
SNMP v2c使用明文身份验证。如果您担心安全性/有人在嗅探您的流量,请更改您的社区,并通过源IP地址将查询限制在您的linux计算机上。完美的世界是将SNMP.py上述内容修改为使用SNMPv3(用于加密敏感数据);大多数人只是使用非公共社区,并通过源IP限制snmp查询。
ifHCInOctets并ifHCOutOctets提供通过接口传输的字节数的瞬时值。如果您正在寻找数据传输速率,那么当然会涉及一些额外的数学运算。
ifHCInOctets
ifHCOutOctets