正在研究如何在Django中上传文件,在这里我遇到了一个不容易理解的问题,并出现了以下错误:
提交的数据不是文件。检查表单上的编码类型。
下面是详细信息。
注意:我还查看了Django Rest Framework ImageField,并尝试了
serializer = ImageSerializer(data=request.data, files=request.FILES)
但我明白了
TypeError:init()得到了意外的关键字参数“文件”
我有一个Image要通过Django REST框架与之交互的模型:
Image
models.py
class Image(models.Model): image = models.ImageField(upload_to='item_images') owner = models.ForeignKey( User, related_name='uploaded_item_images', blank=False, ) time_created = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)
serializers.py
class ImageSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer): image = serializers.ImageField( max_length=None, use_url=True, ) class Meta: model = Image fields = ("id", 'image', 'owner', 'time_created', )
settings.py
'DEFAULT_PARSER_CLASSES': ( 'rest_framework.parsers.JSONParser', 'rest_framework.parsers.FormParser', 'rest_framework.parsers.MultiPartParser', ),
前端(使用AngularJS和angular-restmod或$resource)JSON以owner和image形式发送数据:
输入:
{"owner": 5, "image": "data:image/jpeg;base64,/9j/4QqdRXhpZgAATU0A..."}
在后端,request.data显示
{u'owner': 5, u'image': u'data:image/jpeg;base64,/9j/4QqdRXhpZgAATU0AKgAAA..."}
但随后ImageSerializer(data=request.data).errors显示错误
ReturnDict([('image', [u'The submitted data was not a file. Check the encoding type on the form.'])])
我想知道该如何解决该错误?
编辑:JS部分
相关的前端代码由两部分组成:a angular-file-dnd directive(在此处可用)将文件拖放到页面上,和angular-restmod提供CRUD操作:
a angular-file-dnd directive
angular-restmod
<!-- The template: according to angular-file-dnd, --> <!-- it will store the dropped image into variable $scope.image --> <div file-dropzone="[image/png, image/jpeg, image/gif]" file="image" class='method' data-max-file-size="3" file-name="imageFileName"> <div layout='row' layout-align='center'> <i class="fa fa-upload" style='font-size:50px;'></i> </div> <div class='text-large'>Drap & drop your photo here</div> </div> # A simple `Image` `model` to perform `POST` $scope.image_resource = Image.$build(); $scope.upload = function() { console.log("uploading"); $scope.image_resource.image = $scope.image; $scope.image_resource.owner = Auth.get_profile().user_id; return $scope.image_resource.$save(); };
关于该问题的更新:现在我切换到using ng-file-upload,它以正确的格式发送图像数据。
using ng-file-upload
你遇到的问题是Django REST框架希望通过标准文件上传方法将文件作为多部分表单数据上传。这通常是一个file字段,但是JavaScript Blob对象也适用于AJAX。
你正在寻找使用base64编码的字符串而非原始文件(默认情况下不支持)上传文件。那里有a的Base64ImageField实现,但是最有前途的是pull请求。
由于这些文件主要是为Django REST框架2.x设计的,因此我对pull请求中的一个文件进行了改进,并创建了一个应与DRF 3兼容的文件。
from rest_framework import serializers class Base64ImageField(serializers.ImageField): """ A Django REST framework field for handling image-uploads through raw post data. It uses base64 for encoding and decoding the contents of the file. Heavily based on https://github.com/tomchristie/django-rest-framework/pull/1268 Updated for Django REST framework 3. """ def to_internal_value(self, data): from django.core.files.base import ContentFile import base64 import six import uuid # Check if this is a base64 string if isinstance(data, six.string_types): # Check if the base64 string is in the "data:" format if 'data:' in data and ';base64,' in data: # Break out the header from the base64 content header, data = data.split(';base64,') # Try to decode the file. Return validation error if it fails. try: decoded_file = base64.b64decode(data) except TypeError: self.fail('invalid_image') # Generate file name: file_name = str(uuid.uuid4())[:12] # 12 characters are more than enough. # Get the file name extension: file_extension = self.get_file_extension(file_name, decoded_file) complete_file_name = "%s.%s" % (file_name, file_extension, ) data = ContentFile(decoded_file, name=complete_file_name) return super(Base64ImageField, self).to_internal_value(data) def get_file_extension(self, file_name, decoded_file): import imghdr extension = imghdr.what(file_name, decoded_file) extension = "jpg" if extension == "jpeg" else extension return extension
应该用它代替ImageField Django REST框架提供的标准。所以你的序列化器会变成
ImageField
class ImageSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer): image = Base64ImageField( max_length=None, use_url=True, ) class Meta: model = Image fields = ("id", 'image', 'owner', 'time_created', )
这应该允许你指定base64编码的字符串,或者指定BlobDjango REST框架通常期望的标准对象。