我正在编写一个食谱管理器作为课程的示例项目。除了使用一些非常基本的功能之外,我对DRF并没有太多的经验。目的是:
创建具有相关成分的新配方。在创建配方对象的同时创建成分对象。
models.py:
class Ingredient(models.Model): name = models.CharField(max_length=100) def __str__(self): return self.name class Recipe(models.Model): name = models.CharField(max_length=100) description = models.TextField(blank=True, null=True, help_text="This is a quick description of your recipe") directions = models.TextField(help_text="How to make the recipe") ingredients = models.ManyToManyField(Ingredient) def __str__(self): return self.name
serializers.py
class IngredientSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer): class Meta: model = Ingredient class RecipeSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer): ingredients = IngredientSerializer(many=True) class Meta: model = Recipe def create(self, validated_data): ingredients_data = validated_data.pop('ingredients') recipe = Recipe.objects.create(**validated_data) for ingredient_data in ingredients_data: Ingredient.objects.create(**ingredient_data) return recipe
这样可以在数据库中成功创建配方对象和配料对象,但不会将配料列表与配方相关联。我认为这是因为运行时ingredients_data = validated_data.pop('ingredients'),validated_data字典中的成分被删除了,所以当我使用创建新的配方时validated_data,没有相关的成分。
ingredients_data = validated_data.pop('ingredients'),validated_data
validated_data
但是,我似乎无法找出一种使配料与配方相关联的方法。
我发现在创建所有未创建的对象之前,无法建立ManyToMany关系。(有关多对多关系,请参见Django Docs 页面。)
这是工作代码:
class RecipeSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer): ingredients = IngredientSerializer(many=True) class Meta: model = Recipe def create(self, validated_data): ingredients_data = validated_data.pop('ingredients') recipe = Recipe.objects.create(**validated_data) for ingredient in ingredients_data: ingredient, created = Ingredient.objects.get_or_create(name=ingredient['name']) recipe.ingredients.add(ingredient) return recipe
以下是我的update()代码。但是,我已经好几年没有对此进行研究了,也不知道它是正确的还是良好的。我已经有一段时间没有在Python或Django上工作了,所以请一take而就:
def update(self, instance, validated_data): ingredients_data = validated_data.pop('ingredients') instance.name = validated_data.get('name', instance.name) instance.description = validated_data.get('description', instance.description) instance.directions = validated_data.get('directions', instance.directions) instance.photo = validated_data.get('photo', instance.photo) ingredients_list = [] for ingredient in ingredients_data: ingredient, created = Ingredient.objects.get_or_create(name=ingredient["name"]) ingredients_list.append(ingredient) instance.ingredients = ingredients_list instance.save() return instance