我想从匹配正则表达式模式的字符串中提取子字符串。
所以我正在寻找这样的东西:
func matchesForRegexInText(regex: String!, text: String!) -> [String] { ??? }
这就是我所拥有的:
func matchesForRegexInText(regex: String!, text: String!) -> [String] { var regex = NSRegularExpression(pattern: regex, options: nil, error: nil) var results = regex.matchesInString(text, options: nil, range: NSMakeRange(0, countElements(text))) as Array<NSTextCheckingResult> /// ??? return ... }
问题是,这matchesInString为我提供了NSTextCheckingResultwhere NSTextCheckingResult.range类型的数组NSRange。
matchesInString
NSTextCheckingResult
NSTextCheckingResult.range
NSRange
NSRange与不兼容Range<String.Index>,因此它阻止了我使用text.substringWithRange(...)
Range<String.Index>
text.substringWithRange(...)
知道如何在没有太多代码行的情况下快速实现此简单操作吗?
即使该matchesInString()方法将a String作为第一个参数,它也将在内部使用NSString,并且range参数必须使用NSStringlength而不是Swift字符串长度来给出。否则,对于“扩展字素簇”(例如“标志”),它将失败。
matchesInString()
String
NSString
从 Swift 4 (Xcode 9)开始,Swift标准库提供了在Range<String.Index> 和之间进行转换的函数NSRange。
func matches(for regex: String, in text: String) -> [String] { do { let regex = try NSRegularExpression(pattern: regex) let results = regex.matches(in: text, range: NSRange(text.startIndex..., in: text)) return results.map { String(text[Range($0.range, in: text)!]) } } catch let error { print("invalid regex: \(error.localizedDescription)") return [] } }
例:
let string = "🇩🇪€4€9" let matched = matches(for: "[0-9]", in: string) print(matched) // ["4", "9"]
注意: 强制展开Range($0.range, in: text)!是安全的,因为NSRange引用是指给定string的子字符串text。但是,如果要避免这种情况,请使用
Range($0.range, in: text)!
text
return results.flatMap { Range($0.range, in: text).map { String(text[$0]) } }
代替。
(Swift 3和更早版本的较旧答案:)
因此,您应该将给定的Swift字符串转换为NSString,然后提取范围。结果将自动转换为Swift字符串数组。
(可在编辑历史记录中找到Swift 1.2的代码。)
Swift 2(Xcode 7.3.1):
func matchesForRegexInText(regex: String, text: String) -> [String] { do { let regex = try NSRegularExpression(pattern: regex, options: []) let nsString = text as NSString let results = regex.matchesInString(text, options: [], range: NSMakeRange(0, nsString.length)) return results.map { nsString.substringWithRange($0.range)} } catch let error as NSError { print("invalid regex: \(error.localizedDescription)") return [] } }
let string = "🇩🇪€4€9" let matches = matchesForRegexInText("[0-9]", text: string) print(matches) // ["4", "9"]
斯威夫特3(Xcode 8)
func matches(for regex: String, in text: String) -> [String] { do { let regex = try NSRegularExpression(pattern: regex) let nsString = text as NSString let results = regex.matches(in: text, range: NSRange(location: 0, length: nsString.length)) return results.map { nsString.substring(with: $0.range)} } catch let error { print("invalid regex: \(error.localizedDescription)") return [] } }