我正在尝试使用Gson将涉及多态的对象序列化/反序列化为JSON。
这是我的序列化代码:
ObixBaseObj lobbyObj = new ObixBaseObj(); lobbyObj.setIs("obix:Lobby"); ObixOp batchOp = new ObixOp(); batchOp.setName("batch"); batchOp.setIn("obix:BatchIn"); batchOp.setOut("obix:BatchOut"); lobbyObj.addChild(batchOp); Gson gson = new Gson(); System.out.println(gson.toJson(lobbyObj));
结果如下:
{"obix":"obj","is":"obix:Lobby","children":[{"obix":"op","name":"batch"}]}
序列化大多的作品,除了它缺少继承成员的内容(尤其是obix:BatchIn和obixBatchout字符串丢失)。这是我的基类:
obix:BatchIn
obixBatchout
public class ObixBaseObj { protected String obix; private String display; private String displayName; private ArrayList<ObixBaseObj> children; public ObixBaseObj() { obix = "obj"; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } ... }
这是我的继承类(ObixOp)的样子:
public class ObixOp extends ObixBaseObj { private String in; private String out; public ObixOp() { obix = "op"; } public ObixOp(String in, String out) { obix = "op"; this.in = in; this.out = out; } public String getIn() { return in; } public void setIn(String in) { this.in = in; } public String getOut() { return out; } public void setOut(String out) { this.out = out; } }
我意识到我可以为此使用适配器,但是问题是我正在序列化基类type的集合ObixBaseObj。从中继承大约25个类。我该如何优雅地进行这项工作?
ObixBaseObj
我认为自定义序列化器/反序列化器是继续进行的唯一方法,我尝试向您建议实现我发现的最紧凑的方法。对于没有使用您的类,我深表歉意,但是想法是一样的(我只想要至少1个基类和2个扩展类)。
BaseClass.java
public class BaseClass{ @Override public String toString() { return "BaseClass [list=" + list + ", isA=" + isA + ", x=" + x + "]"; } public ArrayList<BaseClass> list = new ArrayList<BaseClass>(); protected String isA="BaseClass"; public int x; }
ExtendedClass1.java
public class ExtendedClass1 extends BaseClass{ @Override public String toString() { return "ExtendedClass1 [total=" + total + ", number=" + number + ", list=" + list + ", isA=" + isA + ", x=" + x + "]"; } public ExtendedClass1(){ isA = "ExtendedClass1"; } public Long total; public Long number; }
ExtendedClass2.java
public class ExtendedClass2 extends BaseClass{ @Override public String toString() { return "ExtendedClass2 [total=" + total + ", list=" + list + ", isA=" + isA + ", x=" + x + "]"; } public ExtendedClass2(){ isA = "ExtendedClass2"; } public Long total; }
CustomDeserializer.java
public class CustomDeserializer implements JsonDeserializer<List<BaseClass>> { private static Map<String, Class> map = new TreeMap<String, Class>(); static { map.put("BaseClass", BaseClass.class); map.put("ExtendedClass1", ExtendedClass1.class); map.put("ExtendedClass2", ExtendedClass2.class); } public List<BaseClass> deserialize(JsonElement json, Type typeOfT, JsonDeserializationContext context) throws JsonParseException { List list = new ArrayList<BaseClass>(); JsonArray ja = json.getAsJsonArray(); for (JsonElement je : ja) { String type = je.getAsJsonObject().get("isA").getAsString(); Class c = map.get(type); if (c == null) throw new RuntimeException("Unknow class: " + type); list.add(context.deserialize(je, c)); } return list; } }
CustomSerializer.java
public class CustomSerializer implements JsonSerializer<ArrayList<BaseClass>> { private static Map<String, Class> map = new TreeMap<String, Class>(); static { map.put("BaseClass", BaseClass.class); map.put("ExtendedClass1", ExtendedClass1.class); map.put("ExtendedClass2", ExtendedClass2.class); } @Override public JsonElement serialize(ArrayList<BaseClass> src, Type typeOfSrc, JsonSerializationContext context) { if (src == null) return null; else { JsonArray ja = new JsonArray(); for (BaseClass bc : src) { Class c = map.get(bc.isA); if (c == null) throw new RuntimeException("Unknow class: " + bc.isA); ja.add(context.serialize(bc, c)); } return ja; } } }
现在,这是我用来测试整个程序的代码:
public static void main(String[] args) { BaseClass c1 = new BaseClass(); ExtendedClass1 e1 = new ExtendedClass1(); e1.total = 100L; e1.number = 5L; ExtendedClass2 e2 = new ExtendedClass2(); e2.total = 200L; e2.x = 5; BaseClass c2 = new BaseClass(); c1.list.add(e1); c1.list.add(e2); c1.list.add(c2); List<BaseClass> al = new ArrayList<BaseClass>(); // this is the instance of BaseClass before serialization System.out.println(c1); GsonBuilder gb = new GsonBuilder(); gb.registerTypeAdapter(al.getClass(), new CustomDeserializer()); gb.registerTypeAdapter(al.getClass(), new CustomSerializer()); Gson gson = gb.create(); String json = gson.toJson(c1); // this is the corresponding json System.out.println(json); BaseClass newC1 = gson.fromJson(json, BaseClass.class); System.out.println(newC1); }
这是我的处决:
BaseClass [list=[ExtendedClass1 [total=100, number=5, list=[], isA=ExtendedClass1, x=0], ExtendedClass2 [total=200, list=[], isA=ExtendedClass2, x=5], BaseClass [list=[], isA=BaseClass, x=0]], isA=BaseClass, x=0] {"list":[{"total":100,"number":5,"list":[],"isA":"ExtendedClass1","x":0},{"total":200,"list":[],"isA":"ExtendedClass2","x":5},{"list":[],"isA":"BaseClass","x":0}],"isA":"BaseClass","x":0} BaseClass [list=[ExtendedClass1 [total=100, number=5, list=[], isA=ExtendedClass1, x=0], ExtendedClass2 [total=200, list=[], isA=ExtendedClass2, x=5], BaseClass [list=[], isA=BaseClass, x=0]], isA=BaseClass, x=0]
一些解释:该技巧由串行器/解串器中的另一个Gson完成。我只使用isA字段来发现合适的班级。为了更快,我使用地图将isA字符串关联到相应的类。然后,我使用第二个Gson对象进行适当的序列化/反序列化。我将其声明为静态,因此您不会因多次分配Gson而减慢序列化/反序列化。
isA
Pro 实际上,您编写的代码并不比这更多,而是让Gson完成所有工作。您只需要记住在地图中放置一个新的子类(例外使您想起了这一点)。
缺点 您有两张地图。我认为我的实现可以做些改进以避免映射重复,但是我将它们留给您(或将来的编辑器,如果有的话)。
也许您想将序列化和反序列化统一为一个唯一的对象,应该检查TypeAdapter类或尝试使用同时实现两个接口的对象。
TypeAdapter