您可以编写一个运行getElementsByTagName（’*’）的函数，并仅返回具有“ data-foo”属性的那些元素：

function getAllElementsWithAttribute(attribute)
{
  var matchingElements = [];
  var allElements = document.getElementsByTagName('*');
  for (var i = 0, n = allElements.length; i < n; i++)
  {
    if (allElements[i].getAttribute(attribute) !== null)
    {
      // Element exists with attribute. Add to array.
      matchingElements.push(allElements[i]);
    }
  }
  return matchingElements;
}

然后，

getAllElementsWithAttribute('data-foo');