Python hmac 模块,digest() 实例源码

我们从Python开源项目中,提取了以下35个代码示例,用于说明如何使用hmac.digest()

项目:cuny-bdif    作者:aristotle-tek    | 项目源码 | 文件源码
def add_auth(self, req, **kwargs):
        """
        Add AWS3 authentication to a request.

        :type req: :class`boto.connection.HTTPRequest`
        :param req: The HTTPRequest object.
        """
        # This could be a retry.  Make sure the previous
        # authorization header is removed first.
        if 'X-Amzn-Authorization' in req.headers:
            del req.headers['X-Amzn-Authorization']
        req.headers['X-Amz-Date'] = formatdate(usegmt=True)
        if self._provider.security_token:
            req.headers['X-Amz-Security-Token'] = self._provider.security_token
        string_to_sign, headers_to_sign = self.string_to_sign(req)
        boto.log.debug('StringToSign:\n%s' % string_to_sign)
        hash_value = sha256(string_to_sign.encode('utf-8')).digest()
        b64_hmac = self.sign_string(hash_value)
        s = "AWS3 AWSAccessKeyId=%s," % self._provider.access_key
        s += "Algorithm=%s," % self.algorithm()
        s += "SignedHeaders=%s," % ';'.join(headers_to_sign)
        s += "Signature=%s" % b64_hmac
        req.headers['X-Amzn-Authorization'] = s
项目:learneveryword    作者:karan    | 项目源码 | 文件源码
def add_auth(self, req, **kwargs):
        """
        Add AWS3 authentication to a request.

        :type req: :class`boto.connection.HTTPRequest`
        :param req: The HTTPRequest object.
        """
        # This could be a retry.  Make sure the previous
        # authorization header is removed first.
        if 'X-Amzn-Authorization' in req.headers:
            del req.headers['X-Amzn-Authorization']
        req.headers['X-Amz-Date'] = formatdate(usegmt=True)
        if self._provider.security_token:
            req.headers['X-Amz-Security-Token'] = self._provider.security_token
        string_to_sign, headers_to_sign = self.string_to_sign(req)
        boto.log.debug('StringToSign:\n%s' % string_to_sign)
        hash_value = sha256(string_to_sign.encode('utf-8')).digest()
        b64_hmac = self.sign_string(hash_value)
        s = "AWS3 AWSAccessKeyId=%s," % self._provider.access_key
        s += "Algorithm=%s," % self.algorithm()
        s += "SignedHeaders=%s," % ';'.join(headers_to_sign)
        s += "Signature=%s" % b64_hmac
        req.headers['X-Amzn-Authorization'] = s
项目:Chromium_DepotTools    作者:p07r0457    | 项目源码 | 文件源码
def calc_signature(self, args):
        scheme, host, port = requests.packages.urllib3.get_host(args['url'])
        string_to_sign = '%s\n%s\n%s\n' % (args['method'], host, '/')
        hmac = self.hmac.copy()
        args['params']['SignatureMethod'] = 'HmacSHA256'
        if self.credentials.token:
            args['params']['SecurityToken'] = self.credentials.token
        sorted_params = sorted(args['params'])
        pairs = []
        for key in sorted_params:
            value = args['params'][key]
            pairs.append(quote(key, safe='') + '=' +
                         quote(value, safe='-_~'))
        qs = '&'.join(pairs)
        string_to_sign += qs
        print('string_to_sign')
        print(string_to_sign)
        hmac.update(string_to_sign.encode('utf-8'))
        b64 = base64.b64encode(hmac.digest()).strip().decode('utf-8')
        return (qs, b64)
项目:Chromium_DepotTools    作者:p07r0457    | 项目源码 | 文件源码
def add_auth(self, req, **kwargs):
        """
        Add AWS3 authentication to a request.

        :type req: :class`boto.connection.HTTPRequest`
        :param req: The HTTPRequest object.
        """
        # This could be a retry.  Make sure the previous
        # authorization header is removed first.
        if 'X-Amzn-Authorization' in req.headers:
            del req.headers['X-Amzn-Authorization']
        req.headers['X-Amz-Date'] = formatdate(usegmt=True)
        if self._provider.security_token:
            req.headers['X-Amz-Security-Token'] = self._provider.security_token
        string_to_sign, headers_to_sign = self.string_to_sign(req)
        boto.log.debug('StringToSign:\n%s' % string_to_sign)
        hash_value = sha256(string_to_sign).digest()
        b64_hmac = self.sign_string(hash_value)
        s = "AWS3 AWSAccessKeyId=%s," % self._provider.access_key
        s += "Algorithm=%s," % self.algorithm()
        s += "SignedHeaders=%s," % ';'.join(headers_to_sign)
        s += "Signature=%s" % b64_hmac
        req.headers['X-Amzn-Authorization'] = s
项目:Chromium_DepotTools    作者:p07r0457    | 项目源码 | 文件源码
def _calc_signature(self, params, verb, path, server_name):
        boto.log.debug('using _calc_signature_2')
        string_to_sign = '%s\n%s\n%s\n' % (verb, server_name.lower(), path)
        hmac = self._get_hmac()
        params['SignatureMethod'] = self.algorithm()
        if self._provider.security_token:
            params['SecurityToken'] = self._provider.security_token
        keys = sorted(params.keys())
        pairs = []
        for key in keys:
            val = boto.utils.get_utf8_value(params[key])
            pairs.append(urllib.quote(key, safe='') + '=' +
                         urllib.quote(val, safe='-_~'))
        qs = '&'.join(pairs)
        boto.log.debug('query string: %s' % qs)
        string_to_sign += qs
        boto.log.debug('string_to_sign: %s' % string_to_sign)
        hmac.update(string_to_sign)
        b64 = base64.b64encode(hmac.digest())
        boto.log.debug('len(b64)=%d' % len(b64))
        boto.log.debug('base64 encoded digest: %s' % b64)
        return (qs, b64)
项目:node-gn    作者:Shouqun    | 项目源码 | 文件源码
def calc_signature(self, args):
        scheme, host, port = requests.packages.urllib3.get_host(args['url'])
        string_to_sign = '%s\n%s\n%s\n' % (args['method'], host, '/')
        hmac = self.hmac.copy()
        args['params']['SignatureMethod'] = 'HmacSHA256'
        if self.credentials.token:
            args['params']['SecurityToken'] = self.credentials.token
        sorted_params = sorted(args['params'])
        pairs = []
        for key in sorted_params:
            value = args['params'][key]
            pairs.append(quote(key, safe='') + '=' +
                         quote(value, safe='-_~'))
        qs = '&'.join(pairs)
        string_to_sign += qs
        print('string_to_sign')
        print(string_to_sign)
        hmac.update(string_to_sign.encode('utf-8'))
        b64 = base64.b64encode(hmac.digest()).strip().decode('utf-8')
        return (qs, b64)
项目:node-gn    作者:Shouqun    | 项目源码 | 文件源码
def add_auth(self, req, **kwargs):
        """
        Add AWS3 authentication to a request.

        :type req: :class`boto.connection.HTTPRequest`
        :param req: The HTTPRequest object.
        """
        # This could be a retry.  Make sure the previous
        # authorization header is removed first.
        if 'X-Amzn-Authorization' in req.headers:
            del req.headers['X-Amzn-Authorization']
        req.headers['X-Amz-Date'] = formatdate(usegmt=True)
        if self._provider.security_token:
            req.headers['X-Amz-Security-Token'] = self._provider.security_token
        string_to_sign, headers_to_sign = self.string_to_sign(req)
        boto.log.debug('StringToSign:\n%s' % string_to_sign)
        hash_value = sha256(string_to_sign).digest()
        b64_hmac = self.sign_string(hash_value)
        s = "AWS3 AWSAccessKeyId=%s," % self._provider.access_key
        s += "Algorithm=%s," % self.algorithm()
        s += "SignedHeaders=%s," % ';'.join(headers_to_sign)
        s += "Signature=%s" % b64_hmac
        req.headers['X-Amzn-Authorization'] = s
项目:node-gn    作者:Shouqun    | 项目源码 | 文件源码
def _calc_signature(self, params, verb, path, server_name):
        boto.log.debug('using _calc_signature_2')
        string_to_sign = '%s\n%s\n%s\n' % (verb, server_name.lower(), path)
        hmac = self._get_hmac()
        params['SignatureMethod'] = self.algorithm()
        if self._provider.security_token:
            params['SecurityToken'] = self._provider.security_token
        keys = sorted(params.keys())
        pairs = []
        for key in keys:
            val = boto.utils.get_utf8_value(params[key])
            pairs.append(urllib.quote(key, safe='') + '=' +
                         urllib.quote(val, safe='-_~'))
        qs = '&'.join(pairs)
        boto.log.debug('query string: %s' % qs)
        string_to_sign += qs
        boto.log.debug('string_to_sign: %s' % string_to_sign)
        hmac.update(string_to_sign)
        b64 = base64.b64encode(hmac.digest())
        boto.log.debug('len(b64)=%d' % len(b64))
        boto.log.debug('base64 encoded digest: %s' % b64)
        return (qs, b64)
项目:alfred-ec2    作者:SoMuchToGrok    | 项目源码 | 文件源码
def add_auth(self, req, **kwargs):
        """
        Add AWS3 authentication to a request.

        :type req: :class`boto.connection.HTTPRequest`
        :param req: The HTTPRequest object.
        """
        # This could be a retry.  Make sure the previous
        # authorization header is removed first.
        if 'X-Amzn-Authorization' in req.headers:
            del req.headers['X-Amzn-Authorization']
        req.headers['X-Amz-Date'] = formatdate(usegmt=True)
        if self._provider.security_token:
            req.headers['X-Amz-Security-Token'] = self._provider.security_token
        string_to_sign, headers_to_sign = self.string_to_sign(req)
        boto.log.debug('StringToSign:\n%s' % string_to_sign)
        hash_value = sha256(string_to_sign.encode('utf-8')).digest()
        b64_hmac = self.sign_string(hash_value)
        s = "AWS3 AWSAccessKeyId=%s," % self._provider.access_key
        s += "Algorithm=%s," % self.algorithm()
        s += "SignedHeaders=%s," % ';'.join(headers_to_sign)
        s += "Signature=%s" % b64_hmac
        req.headers['X-Amzn-Authorization'] = s
项目:depot_tools    作者:webrtc-uwp    | 项目源码 | 文件源码
def calc_signature(self, args):
        scheme, host, port = requests.packages.urllib3.get_host(args['url'])
        string_to_sign = '%s\n%s\n%s\n' % (args['method'], host, '/')
        hmac = self.hmac.copy()
        args['params']['SignatureMethod'] = 'HmacSHA256'
        if self.credentials.token:
            args['params']['SecurityToken'] = self.credentials.token
        sorted_params = sorted(args['params'])
        pairs = []
        for key in sorted_params:
            value = args['params'][key]
            pairs.append(quote(key, safe='') + '=' +
                         quote(value, safe='-_~'))
        qs = '&'.join(pairs)
        string_to_sign += qs
        print('string_to_sign')
        print(string_to_sign)
        hmac.update(string_to_sign.encode('utf-8'))
        b64 = base64.b64encode(hmac.digest()).strip().decode('utf-8')
        return (qs, b64)
项目:depot_tools    作者:webrtc-uwp    | 项目源码 | 文件源码
def add_auth(self, req, **kwargs):
        """
        Add AWS3 authentication to a request.

        :type req: :class`boto.connection.HTTPRequest`
        :param req: The HTTPRequest object.
        """
        # This could be a retry.  Make sure the previous
        # authorization header is removed first.
        if 'X-Amzn-Authorization' in req.headers:
            del req.headers['X-Amzn-Authorization']
        req.headers['X-Amz-Date'] = formatdate(usegmt=True)
        if self._provider.security_token:
            req.headers['X-Amz-Security-Token'] = self._provider.security_token
        string_to_sign, headers_to_sign = self.string_to_sign(req)
        boto.log.debug('StringToSign:\n%s' % string_to_sign)
        hash_value = sha256(string_to_sign).digest()
        b64_hmac = self.sign_string(hash_value)
        s = "AWS3 AWSAccessKeyId=%s," % self._provider.access_key
        s += "Algorithm=%s," % self.algorithm()
        s += "SignedHeaders=%s," % ';'.join(headers_to_sign)
        s += "Signature=%s" % b64_hmac
        req.headers['X-Amzn-Authorization'] = s
项目:depot_tools    作者:webrtc-uwp    | 项目源码 | 文件源码
def _calc_signature(self, params, verb, path, server_name):
        boto.log.debug('using _calc_signature_2')
        string_to_sign = '%s\n%s\n%s\n' % (verb, server_name.lower(), path)
        hmac = self._get_hmac()
        params['SignatureMethod'] = self.algorithm()
        if self._provider.security_token:
            params['SecurityToken'] = self._provider.security_token
        keys = sorted(params.keys())
        pairs = []
        for key in keys:
            val = boto.utils.get_utf8_value(params[key])
            pairs.append(urllib.quote(key, safe='') + '=' +
                         urllib.quote(val, safe='-_~'))
        qs = '&'.join(pairs)
        boto.log.debug('query string: %s' % qs)
        string_to_sign += qs
        boto.log.debug('string_to_sign: %s' % string_to_sign)
        hmac.update(string_to_sign)
        b64 = base64.b64encode(hmac.digest())
        boto.log.debug('len(b64)=%d' % len(b64))
        boto.log.debug('base64 encoded digest: %s' % b64)
        return (qs, b64)
项目:cuny-bdif    作者:aristotle-tek    | 项目源码 | 文件源码
def sign_string(self, string_to_sign):
        new_hmac = self._get_hmac()
        new_hmac.update(string_to_sign.encode('utf-8'))
        return encodebytes(new_hmac.digest()).decode('utf-8').strip()
项目:cuny-bdif    作者:aristotle-tek    | 项目源码 | 文件源码
def _sign(self, key, msg, hex=False):
        if not isinstance(key, bytes):
            key = key.encode('utf-8')

        if hex:
            sig = hmac.new(key, msg.encode('utf-8'), sha256).hexdigest()
        else:
            sig = hmac.new(key, msg.encode('utf-8'), sha256).digest()
        return sig
项目:cuny-bdif    作者:aristotle-tek    | 项目源码 | 文件源码
def _calc_signature(self, params, *args):
        boto.log.debug('using _calc_signature_0')
        hmac = self._get_hmac()
        s = params['Action'] + params['Timestamp']
        hmac.update(s.encode('utf-8'))
        keys = params.keys()
        keys.sort(cmp=lambda x, y: cmp(x.lower(), y.lower()))
        pairs = []
        for key in keys:
            val = boto.utils.get_utf8_value(params[key])
            pairs.append(key + '=' + urllib.parse.quote(val))
        qs = '&'.join(pairs)
        return (qs, base64.b64encode(hmac.digest()))
项目:cuny-bdif    作者:aristotle-tek    | 项目源码 | 文件源码
def _calc_signature(self, params, *args):
        boto.log.debug('using _calc_signature_1')
        hmac = self._get_hmac()
        keys = params.keys()
        keys.sort(cmp=lambda x, y: cmp(x.lower(), y.lower()))
        pairs = []
        for key in keys:
            hmac.update(key.encode('utf-8'))
            val = boto.utils.get_utf8_value(params[key])
            hmac.update(val)
            pairs.append(key + '=' + urllib.parse.quote(val))
        qs = '&'.join(pairs)
        return (qs, base64.b64encode(hmac.digest()))
项目:learneveryword    作者:karan    | 项目源码 | 文件源码
def sign_string(self, string_to_sign):
        new_hmac = self._get_hmac()
        new_hmac.update(string_to_sign.encode('utf-8'))
        return encodebytes(new_hmac.digest()).decode('utf-8').strip()
项目:learneveryword    作者:karan    | 项目源码 | 文件源码
def _sign(self, key, msg, hex=False):
        if not isinstance(key, bytes):
            key = key.encode('utf-8')

        if hex:
            sig = hmac.new(key, msg.encode('utf-8'), sha256).hexdigest()
        else:
            sig = hmac.new(key, msg.encode('utf-8'), sha256).digest()
        return sig
项目:learneveryword    作者:karan    | 项目源码 | 文件源码
def _calc_signature(self, params, *args):
        boto.log.debug('using _calc_signature_0')
        hmac = self._get_hmac()
        s = params['Action'] + params['Timestamp']
        hmac.update(s.encode('utf-8'))
        keys = params.keys()
        keys.sort(cmp=lambda x, y: cmp(x.lower(), y.lower()))
        pairs = []
        for key in keys:
            val = boto.utils.get_utf8_value(params[key])
            pairs.append(key + '=' + urllib.parse.quote(val))
        qs = '&'.join(pairs)
        return (qs, base64.b64encode(hmac.digest()))
项目:learneveryword    作者:karan    | 项目源码 | 文件源码
def _calc_signature(self, params, *args):
        boto.log.debug('using _calc_signature_1')
        hmac = self._get_hmac()
        keys = list(params.keys())
        keys.sort(key=lambda x: x.lower())
        pairs = []
        for key in keys:
            hmac.update(key.encode('utf-8'))
            val = boto.utils.get_utf8_value(params[key])
            hmac.update(val)
            pairs.append(key + '=' + urllib.parse.quote(val))
        qs = '&'.join(pairs)
        return (qs, base64.b64encode(hmac.digest()))
项目:Chromium_DepotTools    作者:p07r0457    | 项目源码 | 文件源码
def sign_string(self, string_to_sign):
        new_hmac = self._get_hmac()
        new_hmac.update(string_to_sign)
        return base64.encodestring(new_hmac.digest()).strip()
项目:Chromium_DepotTools    作者:p07r0457    | 项目源码 | 文件源码
def _sign(self, key, msg, hex=False):
        if hex:
            sig = hmac.new(key, msg.encode('utf-8'), sha256).hexdigest()
        else:
            sig = hmac.new(key, msg.encode('utf-8'), sha256).digest()
        return sig
项目:Chromium_DepotTools    作者:p07r0457    | 项目源码 | 文件源码
def _calc_signature(self, params, *args):
        boto.log.debug('using _calc_signature_0')
        hmac = self._get_hmac()
        s = params['Action'] + params['Timestamp']
        hmac.update(s)
        keys = params.keys()
        keys.sort(cmp=lambda x, y: cmp(x.lower(), y.lower()))
        pairs = []
        for key in keys:
            val = boto.utils.get_utf8_value(params[key])
            pairs.append(key + '=' + urllib.quote(val))
        qs = '&'.join(pairs)
        return (qs, base64.b64encode(hmac.digest()))
项目:node-gn    作者:Shouqun    | 项目源码 | 文件源码
def sign_string(self, string_to_sign):
        new_hmac = self._get_hmac()
        new_hmac.update(string_to_sign)
        return base64.encodestring(new_hmac.digest()).strip()
项目:node-gn    作者:Shouqun    | 项目源码 | 文件源码
def _sign(self, key, msg, hex=False):
        if hex:
            sig = hmac.new(key, msg.encode('utf-8'), sha256).hexdigest()
        else:
            sig = hmac.new(key, msg.encode('utf-8'), sha256).digest()
        return sig
项目:node-gn    作者:Shouqun    | 项目源码 | 文件源码
def _calc_signature(self, params, *args):
        boto.log.debug('using _calc_signature_0')
        hmac = self._get_hmac()
        s = params['Action'] + params['Timestamp']
        hmac.update(s)
        keys = params.keys()
        keys.sort(cmp=lambda x, y: cmp(x.lower(), y.lower()))
        pairs = []
        for key in keys:
            val = boto.utils.get_utf8_value(params[key])
            pairs.append(key + '=' + urllib.quote(val))
        qs = '&'.join(pairs)
        return (qs, base64.b64encode(hmac.digest()))
项目:authenticator    作者:JeNeSuisPasDave    | 项目源码 | 文件源码
def generate_hmac(self, secret_key, counter):
        """Create a 160-bit HMAC from secret and counter.

        Args:
            secret_key: a byte string (recommended minimum 20 bytes) that is
                the shared secret between the client and server.
            counter: an integer value represented in an 8-byte string with
                the most significant byte first and least significant byte
                last

        Returns:
            The HMAC digest; a byte string, 20 bytes long.

        Raises:
            TypeError: if the counter and secret are not byte strings.
            ValueError: if the counter is not 8 bytes long.

        """
        from hashlib import sha1
        import hmac

        if not isinstance(secret_key, bytes):
            raise TypeError('secret_key must be a byte string')
        if not isinstance(counter, bytes):
            raise TypeError('counter must be a byte string')
        if (8 != len(counter)):
            raise ValueError('counter must be 8 bytes')

        hmac = hmac.new(secret_key, counter, sha1)
        hash = hmac.digest()
        return hash
项目:alfred-ec2    作者:SoMuchToGrok    | 项目源码 | 文件源码
def sign_string(self, string_to_sign):
        new_hmac = self._get_hmac()
        new_hmac.update(string_to_sign.encode('utf-8'))
        return encodebytes(new_hmac.digest()).decode('utf-8').strip()
项目:alfred-ec2    作者:SoMuchToGrok    | 项目源码 | 文件源码
def _sign(self, key, msg, hex=False):
        if not isinstance(key, bytes):
            key = key.encode('utf-8')

        if hex:
            sig = hmac.new(key, msg.encode('utf-8'), sha256).hexdigest()
        else:
            sig = hmac.new(key, msg.encode('utf-8'), sha256).digest()
        return sig
项目:alfred-ec2    作者:SoMuchToGrok    | 项目源码 | 文件源码
def _calc_signature(self, params, *args):
        boto.log.debug('using _calc_signature_0')
        hmac = self._get_hmac()
        s = params['Action'] + params['Timestamp']
        hmac.update(s.encode('utf-8'))
        keys = params.keys()
        keys.sort(cmp=lambda x, y: cmp(x.lower(), y.lower()))
        pairs = []
        for key in keys:
            val = boto.utils.get_utf8_value(params[key])
            pairs.append(key + '=' + urllib.parse.quote(val))
        qs = '&'.join(pairs)
        return (qs, base64.b64encode(hmac.digest()))
项目:alfred-ec2    作者:SoMuchToGrok    | 项目源码 | 文件源码
def _calc_signature(self, params, *args):
        boto.log.debug('using _calc_signature_1')
        hmac = self._get_hmac()
        keys = list(params.keys())
        keys.sort(key=lambda x: x.lower())
        pairs = []
        for key in keys:
            hmac.update(key.encode('utf-8'))
            val = boto.utils.get_utf8_value(params[key])
            hmac.update(val)
            pairs.append(key + '=' + urllib.parse.quote(val))
        qs = '&'.join(pairs)
        return (qs, base64.b64encode(hmac.digest()))
项目:depot_tools    作者:webrtc-uwp    | 项目源码 | 文件源码
def sign_string(self, string_to_sign):
        new_hmac = self._get_hmac()
        new_hmac.update(string_to_sign)
        return base64.encodestring(new_hmac.digest()).strip()
项目:depot_tools    作者:webrtc-uwp    | 项目源码 | 文件源码
def _sign(self, key, msg, hex=False):
        if hex:
            sig = hmac.new(key, msg.encode('utf-8'), sha256).hexdigest()
        else:
            sig = hmac.new(key, msg.encode('utf-8'), sha256).digest()
        return sig
项目:depot_tools    作者:webrtc-uwp    | 项目源码 | 文件源码
def _calc_signature(self, params, *args):
        boto.log.debug('using _calc_signature_0')
        hmac = self._get_hmac()
        s = params['Action'] + params['Timestamp']
        hmac.update(s)
        keys = params.keys()
        keys.sort(cmp=lambda x, y: cmp(x.lower(), y.lower()))
        pairs = []
        for key in keys:
            val = boto.utils.get_utf8_value(params[key])
            pairs.append(key + '=' + urllib.quote(val))
        qs = '&'.join(pairs)
        return (qs, base64.b64encode(hmac.digest()))
项目:griffith    作者:Strit    | 项目源码 | 文件源码
def getSignedUrl(base_url, params, timestamp = None):
    global HMAC
    hmac = HMAC.copy()

    # Add a ISO 8601 compliant timestamp (in GMT)
    if timestamp:
        params['Timestamp'] = timestamp
    else:
        params['Timestamp'] = time.strftime("%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S", time.gmtime())
    #params['SignatureVersion']='1'

    # Sort the URL parameters by key
    keys = params.keys()
    #keys.sort(cmp = lambda x, y: cmp(x.lower(), y.lower()))
    keys.sort()

    # Reconstruct the URL parameters and encode them
    pairs = []
    for key in keys:
        #val = urllib.quote(params[key])
        val = params[key]
        pairs.append(key + '=' + val)
    url_string = '&'.join(pairs)
    url_string = url_string.replace('+', "%20")
    url_string = url_string.replace(':', "%3A")

    #Construct the string to sign
    urlparts = base_url.split('/')
    string_to_sign = """GET
%s
/%s/%s
%s""" % (urlparts[2], urlparts[3], urlparts[4], url_string)
    url_string = url_string.replace(';', urllib.quote(';'))

    # Sign the request
    hmac.update(string_to_sign)
    signature = hmac.digest()

    # Base64 encode the signature
    signature = base64.encodestring(signature).strip()
    signature = signature.replace('+','%2B');
    signature = signature.replace('=','%3D');
    signature = signature.replace('/','%2F');

    # Make the signature URL safe
    url_string += "&Signature=%s" % signature
    return "%s?%s" % (base_url, url_string)


## main functions