Python markupsafe 模块，escape() 实例源码

def escape(self, text):
        """Replace characters with their character references.

        Replace characters by their named entity references.
        Non-ASCII characters, if they do not have a named entity reference,
        are replaced by numerical character references.

        The return value is guaranteed to be ASCII.
        """
        return self.__escapable.sub(self.__escape, compat.text_type(text)
                                    ).encode('ascii')

    # XXX: This regexp will not match all valid XML entity names__.
    # (It punts on details involving involving CombiningChars and Extenders.)
    #
    # .. __: http://www.w3.org/TR/2000/REC-xml-20001006#NT-EntityRef

def htmlentityreplace_errors(ex):
    """An encoding error handler.

    This python `codecs`_ error handler replaces unencodable
    characters with HTML entities, or, if no HTML entity exists for
    the character, XML character references.

    >>> u'The cost was \u20ac12.'.encode('latin1', 'htmlentityreplace')
    'The cost was €12.'
    """
    if isinstance(ex, UnicodeEncodeError):
        # Handle encoding errors
        bad_text = ex.object[ex.start:ex.end]
        text = _html_entities_escaper.escape(bad_text)
        return (compat.text_type(text), ex.end)
    raise ex

def import_string(import_name, silent=False):
    """Imports an object based on a string.  This is useful if you want to
    use import paths as endpoints or something similar.  An import path can
    be specified either in dotted notation (``xml.sax.saxutils.escape``)
    or with a colon as object delimiter (``xml.sax.saxutils:escape``).

    If the `silent` is True the return value will be `None` if the import
    fails.

    :return: imported object
    """
    try:
        if ':' in import_name:
            module, obj = import_name.split(':', 1)
        elif '.' in import_name:
            items = import_name.split('.')
            module = '.'.join(items[:-1])
            obj = items[-1]
        else:
            return __import__(import_name)
        return getattr(__import__(module, None, None, [obj]), obj)
    except (ImportError, AttributeError):
        if not silent:
            raise

def import_string(import_name, silent=False):
    """Imports an object based on a string.  This is useful if you want to
    use import paths as endpoints or something similar.  An import path can
    be specified either in dotted notation (``xml.sax.saxutils.escape``)
    or with a colon as object delimiter (``xml.sax.saxutils:escape``).

    If the `silent` is True the return value will be `None` if the import
    fails.

    :return: imported object
    """
    try:
        if ':' in import_name:
            module, obj = import_name.split(':', 1)
        elif '.' in import_name:
            items = import_name.split('.')
            module = '.'.join(items[:-1])
            obj = items[-1]
        else:
            return __import__(import_name)
        return getattr(__import__(module, None, None, [obj]), obj)
    except (ImportError, AttributeError):
        if not silent:
            raise

def import_string(import_name, silent=False):
    """Imports an object based on a string.  This is useful if you want to
    use import paths as endpoints or something similar.  An import path can
    be specified either in dotted notation (``xml.sax.saxutils.escape``)
    or with a colon as object delimiter (``xml.sax.saxutils:escape``).

    If the `silent` is True the return value will be `None` if the import
    fails.

    :return: imported object
    """
    try:
        if ':' in import_name:
            module, obj = import_name.split(':', 1)
        elif '.' in import_name:
            items = import_name.split('.')
            module = '.'.join(items[:-1])
            obj = items[-1]
        else:
            return __import__(import_name)
        return getattr(__import__(module, None, None, [obj]), obj)
    except (ImportError, AttributeError):
        if not silent:
            raise

def import_string(import_name, silent=False):
    """Imports an object based on a string.  This is useful if you want to
    use import paths as endpoints or something similar.  An import path can
    be specified either in dotted notation (``xml.sax.saxutils.escape``)
    or with a colon as object delimiter (``xml.sax.saxutils:escape``).

    If the `silent` is True the return value will be `None` if the import
    fails.

    :return: imported object
    """
    try:
        if ':' in import_name:
            module, obj = import_name.split(':', 1)
        elif '.' in import_name:
            items = import_name.split('.')
            module = '.'.join(items[:-1])
            obj = items[-1]
        else:
            return __import__(import_name)
        return getattr(__import__(module, None, None, [obj]), obj)
    except (ImportError, AttributeError):
        if not silent:
            raise

def import_string(import_name, silent=False):
    """Imports an object based on a string.  This is useful if you want to
    use import paths as endpoints or something similar.  An import path can
    be specified either in dotted notation (``xml.sax.saxutils.escape``)
    or with a colon as object delimiter (``xml.sax.saxutils:escape``).

    If the `silent` is True the return value will be `None` if the import
    fails.

    :return: imported object
    """
    try:
        if ':' in import_name:
            module, obj = import_name.split(':', 1)
        elif '.' in import_name:
            items = import_name.split('.')
            module = '.'.join(items[:-1])
            obj = items[-1]
        else:
            return __import__(import_name)
        return getattr(__import__(module, None, None, [obj]), obj)
    except (ImportError, AttributeError):
        if not silent:
            raise

def escape(self, text):
        """Replace characters with their character references.

        Replace characters by their named entity references.
        Non-ASCII characters, if they do not have a named entity reference,
        are replaced by numerical character references.

        The return value is guaranteed to be ASCII.
        """
        return self.__escapable.sub(self.__escape, compat.text_type(text)
                                    ).encode('ascii')

    # XXX: This regexp will not match all valid XML entity names__.
    # (It punts on details involving involving CombiningChars and Extenders.)
    #
    # .. __: http://www.w3.org/TR/2000/REC-xml-20001006#NT-EntityRef

def htmlentityreplace_errors(ex):
    """An encoding error handler.

    This python `codecs`_ error handler replaces unencodable
    characters with HTML entities, or, if no HTML entity exists for
    the character, XML character references.

    >>> u'The cost was \u20ac12.'.encode('latin1', 'htmlentityreplace')
    'The cost was €12.'
    """
    if isinstance(ex, UnicodeEncodeError):
        # Handle encoding errors
        bad_text = ex.object[ex.start:ex.end]
        text = _html_entities_escaper.escape(bad_text)
        return (compat.text_type(text), ex.end)
    raise ex

def import_string(import_name, silent=False):
    """Imports an object based on a string.  This is useful if you want to
    use import paths as endpoints or something similar.  An import path can
    be specified either in dotted notation (``xml.sax.saxutils.escape``)
    or with a colon as object delimiter (``xml.sax.saxutils:escape``).

    If the `silent` is True the return value will be `None` if the import
    fails.

    :return: imported object
    """
    try:
        if ':' in import_name:
            module, obj = import_name.split(':', 1)
        elif '.' in import_name:
            items = import_name.split('.')
            module = '.'.join(items[:-1])
            obj = items[-1]
        else:
            return __import__(import_name)
        return getattr(__import__(module, None, None, [obj]), obj)
    except (ImportError, AttributeError):
        if not silent:
            raise

def import_string(import_name, silent=False):
    """Imports an object based on a string.  This is useful if you want to
    use import paths as endpoints or something similar.  An import path can
    be specified either in dotted notation (``xml.sax.saxutils.escape``)
    or with a colon as object delimiter (``xml.sax.saxutils:escape``).

    If the `silent` is True the return value will be `None` if the import
    fails.

    :return: imported object
    """
    try:
        if ':' in import_name:
            module, obj = import_name.split(':', 1)
        elif '.' in import_name:
            items = import_name.split('.')
            module = '.'.join(items[:-1])
            obj = items[-1]
        else:
            return __import__(import_name)
        return getattr(__import__(module, None, None, [obj]), obj)
    except (ImportError, AttributeError):
        if not silent:
            raise

def escape(self, text):
        """Replace characters with their character references.

        Replace characters by their named entity references.
        Non-ASCII characters, if they do not have a named entity reference,
        are replaced by numerical character references.

        The return value is guaranteed to be ASCII.
        """
        return self.__escapable.sub(self.__escape, compat.text_type(text)
                                    ).encode('ascii')

    # XXX: This regexp will not match all valid XML entity names__.
    # (It punts on details involving involving CombiningChars and Extenders.)
    #
    # .. __: http://www.w3.org/TR/2000/REC-xml-20001006#NT-EntityRef

def htmlentityreplace_errors(ex):
    """An encoding error handler.

    This python `codecs`_ error handler replaces unencodable
    characters with HTML entities, or, if no HTML entity exists for
    the character, XML character references.

    >>> u'The cost was \u20ac12.'.encode('latin1', 'htmlentityreplace')
    'The cost was €12.'
    """
    if isinstance(ex, UnicodeEncodeError):
        # Handle encoding errors
        bad_text = ex.object[ex.start:ex.end]
        text = _html_entities_escaper.escape(bad_text)
        return (compat.text_type(text), ex.end)
    raise ex

def import_string(import_name, silent=False):
    """Imports an object based on a string.  This is useful if you want to
    use import paths as endpoints or something similar.  An import path can
    be specified either in dotted notation (``xml.sax.saxutils.escape``)
    or with a colon as object delimiter (``xml.sax.saxutils:escape``).

    If the `silent` is True the return value will be `None` if the import
    fails.

    :return: imported object
    """
    try:
        if ':' in import_name:
            module, obj = import_name.split(':', 1)
        elif '.' in import_name:
            items = import_name.split('.')
            module = '.'.join(items[:-1])
            obj = items[-1]
        else:
            return __import__(import_name)
        return getattr(__import__(module, None, None, [obj]), obj)
    except (ImportError, AttributeError):
        if not silent:
            raise

def import_string(import_name, silent=False):
    """Imports an object based on a string.  This is useful if you want to
    use import paths as endpoints or something similar.  An import path can
    be specified either in dotted notation (``xml.sax.saxutils.escape``)
    or with a colon as object delimiter (``xml.sax.saxutils:escape``).

    If the `silent` is True the return value will be `None` if the import
    fails.

    :return: imported object
    """
    try:
        if ':' in import_name:
            module, obj = import_name.split(':', 1)
        elif '.' in import_name:
            items = import_name.split('.')
            module = '.'.join(items[:-1])
            obj = items[-1]
        else:
            return __import__(import_name)
        return getattr(__import__(module, None, None, [obj]), obj)
    except (ImportError, AttributeError):
        if not silent:
            raise

def test_validation_warnings(self, send_confirmation):
        applicant = factories.ApplicantFactory.create()
        self.set_form_session_data(
            counties=['sanfrancisco'], applicant_id=applicant.id)
        with self.assertLogs(
                'project.services.logging_service', logging.INFO) as logs:
            response = self.client.fill_form(
                reverse(self.view_name),
                **mock.fake.sf_pubdef_answers(ssn=''))
        self.assertRedirects(
            response, reverse('intake-confirm'), fetch_redirect_response=False)
        response = self.client.get(response.url)
        self.assertContains(response, escape(WARNING_FLASH_MESSAGE))
        self.assertContains(
            response,
            escape(
                fields.SocialSecurityNumberField.is_recommended_error_message))
        send_confirmation.assert_not_called()
        assertInLogsCount(
            logs, {
                'event_name=application_page_complete': 1,
                'event_name=application_started': 0,
                'event_name=application_submitted': 0,
                'event_name=application_errors': 0,
                })

def test_sees_expected_message(self):
        user = self.be_apubdef_user()
        response = self.client.get(self.url)
        expected_intro, expected_body = \
            TransferService.render_application_transfer_message(
                form_submission=self.sub,
                author=user,
                to_organization=self.to_org,
                from_organization=self.from_org)
        self.assertContains(response, escape(expected_intro))
        self.assertContains(response, escape(expected_body))
        self.assertIn(self.to_org.name, expected_body)
        self.assertIn(self.from_org.name, expected_intro)
        self.assertIn(user.profile.name, expected_intro)
        self.assertContains(response, 'following message will be')
        self.assertContains(response, 'to the applicant')

def test_shows_flash_messages(self):
        self.set_form_session_data(counties=['contracosta'])
        flash_messages = [
            "A flying horse is called a pegasus",
            "A horse with a horn is called a unicorn"]
        self.send_confirmations.return_value = flash_messages
        self.client.fill_form(
            reverse('intake-county_application'),
            follow=True,
            **mock.fake.cc_pubdef_answers())
        response = self.client.fill_form(
            reverse('intake-review'),
            follow=True,
            submit_action='approve_application'
        )
        for message in flash_messages:
            self.assertContains(
                response, escape(message))

def test_shows_flash_messages(self):
        self.set_form_session_data(counties=['alameda'])
        flash_messages = [
            "A flying horse is called a pegasus",
            "A horse with a horn is called a unicorn"]
        self.send_confirmations.return_value = flash_messages
        self.client.fill_form(
            reverse('intake-county_application'),
            follow=True,
            **mock.fake.ebclc_answers())
        response = self.client.fill_form(
            reverse('intake-review'),
            follow=True,
            submit_action='approve_application'
        )
        for message in flash_messages:
            self.assertContains(
                response, escape(message))

def test_ebclc_and_santa_clara_can_see_pref_pronouns(self):
        ebclc = Organization.objects.get(slug='ebclc')
        santa_clara = Organization.objects.filter(
            slug__contains='santa_clara').first()
        self.be_user(
            User.objects.filter(profile__organization=ebclc).first())
        sub = models.FormSubmission.objects.filter(
            organizations=ebclc).first()
        response = self.get_page(sub)
        self.assertContains(
            response, escape(sub.answers.get('preferred_pronouns')))
        self.be_user(
            User.objects.filter(profile__organization=santa_clara).first())
        sub = models.FormSubmission.objects.filter(
            organizations=santa_clara).first()
        response = self.get_page(sub)
        self.assertContains(
            response, escape(sub.answers.get('preferred_pronouns')))

def test_has_read_only_view_of_outgoing_transfer(self):
        user = self.be_apubdef_user()
        outgoing_transfer = models.ApplicationTransfer.objects.filter(
            status_update__application__organization__profiles__user=user
        ).first()
        status_update = outgoing_transfer.status_update
        submission = \
            outgoing_transfer.status_update.application.form_submission
        response = self.get_page(submission)
        expected_display_data = [
            "{} at {}".format(
                status_update.author.profile.name,
                status_update.author.profile.organization.name),
            "Transferred to",
            outgoing_transfer.new_application.organization.name,
            outgoing_transfer.reason,
            status_update.notification.sent_message
        ]
        for expected_data in expected_display_data:
            self.assertContains(response, escape(expected_data))
        self.assertNotContains(response, escape('update-status-button'))

def test_can_see_incoming_transfer_event(self):
        user = User.objects.filter(profile__organization__slug='ebclc').first()
        self.be_user(user)
        incoming_transfer = models.ApplicationTransfer.objects.filter(
            new_application__organization__profiles__user=user).first()
        status_update = incoming_transfer.status_update
        submission = incoming_transfer.new_application.form_submission
        response = self.get_page(submission)
        expected_display_data = [
            "{} at {}".format(
                status_update.author.profile.name,
                status_update.author.profile.organization.name),
            "Transferred to",
            incoming_transfer.new_application.organization.name,
            incoming_transfer.reason,
            status_update.notification.sent_message
        ]
        for expected_data in expected_display_data:
            self.assertContains(response, escape(expected_data))

def test_can_see_prior_status_updates_on_incoming_transfer(self):
        user = User.objects.filter(profile__organization__slug='ebclc').first()
        self.be_user(user)
        incoming_transfer = models.ApplicationTransfer.objects.filter(
            new_application__organization__profiles__user=user).first()
        submission = incoming_transfer.new_application.form_submission
        response = self.get_page(submission)
        prior_updates = models.StatusUpdate.objects.filter(
            application__form_submission=submission,
            created__lt=incoming_transfer.status_update.created
        ).exclude(transfer=incoming_transfer)
        for status_update in prior_updates:
            expected_display_data = [
                "{} at {}".format(
                    status_update.author.profile.name,
                    status_update.author.profile.organization.name),
                status_update.status_type.display_name,
                status_update.notification.sent_message
            ]
            for expected_data in expected_display_data:
                self.assertContains(response, escape(expected_data))

def test_user_sees_success_flash_and_new_status_after_submission(
            self, front):
        self.be_apubdef_user()
        review_page = self.create_status_update(follow=True)
        default_message = \
            review_page.context_data['form']['sent_message'].value()
        response = self.confirm_status_update(sent_message=default_message)
        self.assertRedirects(
            response, reverse('intake-app_index'),
            fetch_redirect_response=False)
        index = self.client.get(response.url)
        expected_message = services.status_notifications \
            .get_status_update_success_message(
                self.sub.get_full_name(), self.status_type)
        self.assertContains(
            index, escape(expected_message))
        self.assertEqual(len(front.mock_calls), 1)

def import_string(import_name, silent=False):
    """Imports an object based on a string.  This is useful if you want to
    use import paths as endpoints or something similar.  An import path can
    be specified either in dotted notation (``xml.sax.saxutils.escape``)
    or with a colon as object delimiter (``xml.sax.saxutils:escape``).

    If the `silent` is True the return value will be `None` if the import
    fails.

    :return: imported object
    """
    try:
        if ':' in import_name:
            module, obj = import_name.split(':', 1)
        elif '.' in import_name:
            items = import_name.split('.')
            module = '.'.join(items[:-1])
            obj = items[-1]
        else:
            return __import__(import_name)
        return getattr(__import__(module, None, None, [obj]), obj)
    except (ImportError, AttributeError):
        if not silent:
            raise

def import_string(import_name, silent=False):
    """Imports an object based on a string.  This is useful if you want to
    use import paths as endpoints or something similar.  An import path can
    be specified either in dotted notation (``xml.sax.saxutils.escape``)
    or with a colon as object delimiter (``xml.sax.saxutils:escape``).

    If the `silent` is True the return value will be `None` if the import
    fails.

    :return: imported object
    """
    try:
        if ':' in import_name:
            module, obj = import_name.split(':', 1)
        elif '.' in import_name:
            items = import_name.split('.')
            module = '.'.join(items[:-1])
            obj = items[-1]
        else:
            return __import__(import_name)
        return getattr(__import__(module, None, None, [obj]), obj)
    except (ImportError, AttributeError):
        if not silent:
            raise

def escape(self, text):
        """Replace characters with their character references.

        Replace characters by their named entity references.
        Non-ASCII characters, if they do not have a named entity reference,
        are replaced by numerical character references.

        The return value is guaranteed to be ASCII.
        """
        return self.__escapable.sub(self.__escape, compat.text_type(text)
                                    ).encode('ascii')

    # XXX: This regexp will not match all valid XML entity names__.
    # (It punts on details involving involving CombiningChars and Extenders.)
    #
    # .. __: http://www.w3.org/TR/2000/REC-xml-20001006#NT-EntityRef

def htmlentityreplace_errors(ex):
    """An encoding error handler.

    This python `codecs`_ error handler replaces unencodable
    characters with HTML entities, or, if no HTML entity exists for
    the character, XML character references.

    >>> u'The cost was \u20ac12.'.encode('latin1', 'htmlentityreplace')
    'The cost was €12.'
    """
    if isinstance(ex, UnicodeEncodeError):
        # Handle encoding errors
        bad_text = ex.object[ex.start:ex.end]
        text = _html_entities_escaper.escape(bad_text)
        return (compat.text_type(text), ex.end)
    raise ex

def import_string(import_name, silent=False):
    """Imports an object based on a string.  This is useful if you want to
    use import paths as endpoints or something similar.  An import path can
    be specified either in dotted notation (``xml.sax.saxutils.escape``)
    or with a colon as object delimiter (``xml.sax.saxutils:escape``).

    If the `silent` is True the return value will be `None` if the import
    fails.

    :return: imported object
    """
    try:
        if ':' in import_name:
            module, obj = import_name.split(':', 1)
        elif '.' in import_name:
            items = import_name.split('.')
            module = '.'.join(items[:-1])
            obj = items[-1]
        else:
            return __import__(import_name)
        return getattr(__import__(module, None, None, [obj]), obj)
    except (ImportError, AttributeError):
        if not silent:
            raise

def escape(self, text):
        """Replace characters with their character references.

        Replace characters by their named entity references.
        Non-ASCII characters, if they do not have a named entity reference,
        are replaced by numerical character references.

        The return value is guaranteed to be ASCII.
        """
        return self.__escapable.sub(self.__escape, compat.text_type(text)
                                    ).encode('ascii')

    # XXX: This regexp will not match all valid XML entity names__.
    # (It punts on details involving involving CombiningChars and Extenders.)
    #
    # .. __: http://www.w3.org/TR/2000/REC-xml-20001006#NT-EntityRef

def htmlentityreplace_errors(ex):
    """An encoding error handler.

    This python `codecs`_ error handler replaces unencodable
    characters with HTML entities, or, if no HTML entity exists for
    the character, XML character references.

    >>> u'The cost was \u20ac12.'.encode('latin1', 'htmlentityreplace')
    'The cost was €12.'
    """
    if isinstance(ex, UnicodeEncodeError):
        # Handle encoding errors
        bad_text = ex.object[ex.start:ex.end]
        text = _html_entities_escaper.escape(bad_text)
        return (compat.text_type(text), ex.end)
    raise ex

def import_string(import_name, silent=False):
    """Imports an object based on a string.  This is useful if you want to
    use import paths as endpoints or something similar.  An import path can
    be specified either in dotted notation (``xml.sax.saxutils.escape``)
    or with a colon as object delimiter (``xml.sax.saxutils:escape``).

    If the `silent` is True the return value will be `None` if the import
    fails.

    :return: imported object
    """
    try:
        if ':' in import_name:
            module, obj = import_name.split(':', 1)
        elif '.' in import_name:
            items = import_name.split('.')
            module = '.'.join(items[:-1])
            obj = items[-1]
        else:
            return __import__(import_name)
        return getattr(__import__(module, None, None, [obj]), obj)
    except (ImportError, AttributeError):
        if not silent:
            raise

def escape(self, text):
        """Replace characters with their character references.

        Replace characters by their named entity references.
        Non-ASCII characters, if they do not have a named entity reference,
        are replaced by numerical character references.

        The return value is guaranteed to be ASCII.
        """
        return self.__escapable.sub(self.__escape, compat.text_type(text)
                                    ).encode('ascii')

    # XXX: This regexp will not match all valid XML entity names__.
    # (It punts on details involving involving CombiningChars and Extenders.)
    #
    # .. __: http://www.w3.org/TR/2000/REC-xml-20001006#NT-EntityRef

def htmlentityreplace_errors(ex):
    """An encoding error handler.

    This python `codecs`_ error handler replaces unencodable
    characters with HTML entities, or, if no HTML entity exists for
    the character, XML character references.

    >>> u'The cost was \u20ac12.'.encode('latin1', 'htmlentityreplace')
    'The cost was €12.'
    """
    if isinstance(ex, UnicodeEncodeError):
        # Handle encoding errors
        bad_text = ex.object[ex.start:ex.end]
        text = _html_entities_escaper.escape(bad_text)
        return (compat.text_type(text), ex.end)
    raise ex

def import_string(import_name, silent=False):
    """Imports an object based on a string.  This is useful if you want to
    use import paths as endpoints or something similar.  An import path can
    be specified either in dotted notation (``xml.sax.saxutils.escape``)
    or with a colon as object delimiter (``xml.sax.saxutils:escape``).

    If the `silent` is True the return value will be `None` if the import
    fails.

    :return: imported object
    """
    try:
        if ':' in import_name:
            module, obj = import_name.split(':', 1)
        elif '.' in import_name:
            items = import_name.split('.')
            module = '.'.join(items[:-1])
            obj = items[-1]
        else:
            return __import__(import_name)
        return getattr(__import__(module, None, None, [obj]), obj)
    except (ImportError, AttributeError):
        if not silent:
            raise

def import_string(import_name, silent=False):
    """Imports an object based on a string.  This is useful if you want to
    use import paths as endpoints or something similar.  An import path can
    be specified either in dotted notation (``xml.sax.saxutils.escape``)
    or with a colon as object delimiter (``xml.sax.saxutils:escape``).

    If the `silent` is True the return value will be `None` if the import
    fails.

    :return: imported object
    """
    try:
        if ':' in import_name:
            module, obj = import_name.split(':', 1)
        elif '.' in import_name:
            items = import_name.split('.')
            module = '.'.join(items[:-1])
            obj = items[-1]
        else:
            return __import__(import_name)
        return getattr(__import__(module, None, None, [obj]), obj)
    except (ImportError, AttributeError):
        if not silent:
            raise

def test_adding(self):
        # adding two strings should escape the unsafe one
        unsafe = '<script type="application/x-some-script">alert("foo");</script>'
        safe = Markup('<em>username</em>')
        assert unsafe + safe == text_type(escape(unsafe)) + text_type(safe)

def test_escaping(self):
        # escaping and unescaping
        assert escape('"<>&\'') == '&#34;&lt;&gt;&amp;&#39;'
        assert Markup("<em>Foo &amp; Bar</em>").striptags() == "Foo & Bar"
        assert Markup("&lt;test&gt;").unescape() == "<test>"

def test_escape_silent(self):
        assert escape_silent(None) == Markup()
        assert escape(None) == Markup(None)
        assert escape_silent('<foo>') == Markup(u'&lt;foo&gt;')

def test_markup_leaks(self):
        counts = set()
        for count in range(20):
            for item in range(1000):
                escape("foo")
                escape("<foo>")
                escape(u"foo")
                escape(u"<foo>")
            counts.add(len(gc.get_objects()))
        assert len(counts) == 1, 'ouch, c extension seems to leak objects'

def suite():
    suite = unittest.TestSuite()
    suite.addTest(unittest.makeSuite(MarkupTestCase))

    # this test only tests the c extension
    if not hasattr(escape, 'func_code'):
        suite.addTest(unittest.makeSuite(MarkupLeakTestCase))

    return suite

def example_form():
    form = SignupForm(csrf_enabled=False)

    if form.validate_on_submit():
        flash('Hello, {}. You have successfully signed up'
              .format(escape(form.name.data)))
        return redirect(url_for('.index'))

    return render_template('frontend/signup.html', form=form)

def owner(self, pet_id):
        try:
            pet = Pet.nodes.get(**{self.__selection_field__.get("primary"):
                                   str(markupsafe.escape(pet_id))})

            if (pet):
                current_owner = pet.owner.get()
                if (current_owner):
                    return jsonify(owner=current_owner.to_dict()), 200
                else:
                    return jsonify(errors=["Selected pet has not been adopted yet!"]), 404
            else:
                return jsonify(errors=["Selected pet does not exists!"]), 404
        except:
            return jsonify(errors=["An error occurred while processing your request."]), 500

def get_header(name):
    if (name in request.headers):
        return request.headers.get(markupsafe.escape(name))
    else:
        return None

def test_adding(self):
        # adding two strings should escape the unsafe one
        unsafe = '<script type="application/x-some-script">alert("foo");</script>'
        safe = Markup('<em>username</em>')
        assert unsafe + safe == text_type(escape(unsafe)) + text_type(safe)

def test_escaping(self):
        # escaping and unescaping
        assert escape('"<>&\'') == '&#34;&lt;&gt;&amp;&#39;'
        assert Markup("<em>Foo &amp; Bar</em>").striptags() == "Foo & Bar"
        assert Markup("&lt;test&gt;").unescape() == "<test>"

def test_escape_silent(self):
        assert escape_silent(None) == Markup()
        assert escape(None) == Markup(None)
        assert escape_silent('<foo>') == Markup(u'&lt;foo&gt;')

def test_markup_leaks(self):
        counts = set()
        for count in range(20):
            for item in range(1000):
                escape("foo")
                escape("<foo>")
                escape(u"foo")
                escape(u"<foo>")
            counts.add(len(gc.get_objects()))
        assert len(counts) == 1, 'ouch, c extension seems to leak objects'

def suite():
    suite = unittest.TestSuite()
    suite.addTest(unittest.makeSuite(MarkupTestCase))

    # this test only tests the c extension
    if not hasattr(escape, 'func_code'):
        suite.addTest(unittest.makeSuite(MarkupLeakTestCase))

    return suite

def test_adding(self):
        # adding two strings should escape the unsafe one
        unsafe = '<script type="application/x-some-script">alert("foo");</script>'
        safe = Markup('<em>username</em>')
        assert unsafe + safe == text_type(escape(unsafe)) + text_type(safe)