我们从Python开源项目中，提取了以下50个代码示例，用于说明如何使用tornado.application()。
def __init__(self, application, request, **kwargs): super(RequestHandler, self).__init__() self.application = application self.request = request self._headers_written = False self._finished = False self._auto_finish = True self._transforms = None # will be set in _execute self._prepared_future = None self.path_args = None self.path_kwargs = None self.ui = ObjectDict((n, self._ui_method(m)) for n, m in application.ui_methods.items()) # UIModules are available as both `modules` and `_tt_modules` in the # template namespace. Historically only `modules` was available # but could be clobbered by user additions to the namespace. # The template {% module %} directive looks in `_tt_modules` to avoid # possible conflicts. self.ui["_tt_modules"] = _UIModuleNamespace(self, application.ui_modules) self.ui["modules"] = self.ui["_tt_modules"] self.clear() self.request.connection.set_close_callback(self.on_connection_close) self.initialize(**kwargs)
def create_signed_value(self, name, value, version=None): """Signs and timestamps a string so it cannot be forged. Normally used via set_secure_cookie, but provided as a separate method for non-cookie uses. To decode a value not stored as a cookie use the optional value argument to get_secure_cookie. .. versionchanged:: 3.2.1 Added the ``version`` argument. Introduced cookie version 2 and made it the default. """ self.require_setting("cookie_secret", "secure cookies") secret = self.application.settings["cookie_secret"] key_version = None if isinstance(secret, dict): if self.application.settings.get("key_version") is None: raise Exception("key_version setting must be used for secret_key dicts") key_version = self.application.settings["key_version"] return create_signed_value(secret, name, value, version=version, key_version=key_version)
def get_secure_cookie(self, name, value=None, max_age_days=31, min_version=None): """Returns the given signed cookie if it validates, or None. The decoded cookie value is returned as a byte string (unlike `get_cookie`). .. versionchanged:: 3.2.1 Added the ``min_version`` argument. Introduced cookie version 2; both versions 1 and 2 are accepted by default. """ self.require_setting("cookie_secret", "secure cookies") if value is None: value = self.get_cookie(name) return decode_signed_value(self.application.settings["cookie_secret"], name, value, max_age_days=max_age_days, min_version=min_version)
def log_exception(self, typ, value, tb): """Override to customize logging of uncaught exceptions. By default logs instances of `HTTPError` as warnings without stack traces (on the ``tornado.general`` logger), and all other exceptions as errors with stack traces (on the ``tornado.application`` logger). .. versionadded:: 3.1 """ if isinstance(value, HTTPError): if value.log_message: format = "%d %s: " + value.log_message args = ([value.status_code, self._request_summary()] + list(value.args)) gen_log.warning(format, *args) else: app_log.error("Uncaught exception %s\n%r", self._request_summary(), self.request, exc_info=(typ, value, tb))
def listen(self, port, address="", **kwargs): """Starts an HTTP server for this application on the given port. This is a convenience alias for creating an `.HTTPServer` object and calling its listen method. Keyword arguments not supported by `HTTPServer.listen <.TCPServer.listen>` are passed to the `.HTTPServer` constructor. For advanced uses (e.g. multi-process mode), do not use this method; create an `.HTTPServer` and call its `.TCPServer.bind`/`.TCPServer.start` methods directly. Note that after calling this method you still need to call ``IOLoop.current().start()`` to start the server. Returns the `.HTTPServer` object. .. versionchanged:: 4.3 Now returns the `.HTTPServer` object. """ # import is here rather than top level because HTTPServer # is not importable on appengine from tornado.httpserver import HTTPServer server = HTTPServer(self, **kwargs) server.listen(port, address) return server
def log_request(self, handler): """Writes a completed HTTP request to the logs. By default writes to the python root logger. To change this behavior either subclass Application and override this method, or pass a function in the application settings dictionary as ``log_function``. """ if "log_function" in self.settings: self.settings["log_function"](handler) return if handler.get_status() < 400: log_method = access_log.info elif handler.get_status() < 500: log_method = access_log.warning else: log_method = access_log.error request_time = 1000.0 * handler.request.request_time() log_method("%d %s %.2fms", handler.get_status(), handler._request_summary(), request_time)
def get_content_type(self): """Returns the ``Content-Type`` header to be used for this request. .. versionadded:: 3.1 """ mime_type, encoding = mimetypes.guess_type(self.absolute_path) # per RFC 6713, use the appropriate type for a gzip compressed file if encoding == "gzip": return "application/gzip" # As of 2015-07-21 there is no bzip2 encoding defined at # http://www.iana.org/assignments/media-types/media-types.xhtml # So for that (and any other encoding), use octet-stream. elif encoding is not None: return "application/octet-stream" elif mime_type is not None: return mime_type # if mime_type not detected, use application/octet-stream else: return "application/octet-stream"
def create_template_loader(self, template_path): """Returns a new template loader for the given path. May be overridden by subclasses. By default returns a directory-based loader on the given path, using the ``autoescape`` and ``template_whitespace`` application settings. If a ``template_loader`` application setting is supplied, uses that instead. """ settings = self.application.settings if "template_loader" in settings: return settings["template_loader"] kwargs = {} if "autoescape" in settings: # autoescape=None means "no escaping", so we have to be sure # to only pass this kwarg if the user asked for it. kwargs["autoescape"] = settings["autoescape"] if "template_whitespace" in settings: kwargs["whitespace"] = settings["template_whitespace"] return template.Loader(template_path, **kwargs)
def write(self, chunk): """Writes the given chunk to the output buffer. To write the output to the network, use the flush() method below. If the given chunk is a dictionary, we write it as JSON and set the Content-Type of the response to be ``application/json``. (if you want to send JSON as a different ``Content-Type``, call set_header *after* calling write()). Note that lists are not converted to JSON because of a potential cross-site security vulnerability. All JSON output should be wrapped in a dictionary. More details at http://haacked.com/archive/2008/11/20/anatomy-of-a-subtle-json-vulnerability.aspx """ if self._finished: raise RuntimeError("Cannot write() after finish(). May be caused " "by using async operations without the " "@asynchronous decorator.") if isinstance(chunk, dict): chunk = escape.json_encode(chunk) self.set_header("Content-Type", "application/json; charset=UTF-8") chunk = utf8(chunk) self._write_buffer.append(chunk)
def _execute(self, transforms, *args, **kwargs): """Executes this request with the given output transforms.""" self._transforms = transforms try: if self.request.method not in self.SUPPORTED_METHODS: raise HTTPError(405) self.path_args = [self.decode_argument(arg) for arg in args] self.path_kwargs = dict((k, self.decode_argument(v, name=k)) for (k, v) in kwargs.items()) # If XSRF cookies are turned on, reject form submissions without # the proper cookie if self.request.method not in ("GET", "HEAD", "OPTIONS") and \ self.application.settings.get("xsrf_cookies"): self.check_xsrf_cookie() self._when_complete(self.prepare(), self._execute_method) except Exception as e: self._handle_request_exception(e)
def create_template_loader(self, template_path): """Returns a new template loader for the given path. May be overridden by subclasses. By default returns a directory-based loader on the given path, using the ``autoescape`` application setting. If a ``template_loader`` application setting is supplied, uses that instead. """ settings = self.application.settings if "template_loader" in settings: return settings["template_loader"] kwargs = {} if "autoescape" in settings: # autoescape=None means "no escaping", so we have to be sure # to only pass this kwarg if the user asked for it. kwargs["autoescape"] = settings["autoescape"] return template.Loader(template_path, **kwargs)
def listen(self, port, address="", **kwargs): """Starts an HTTP server for this application on the given port. This is a convenience alias for creating an `.HTTPServer` object and calling its listen method. Keyword arguments not supported by `HTTPServer.listen <.TCPServer.listen>` are passed to the `.HTTPServer` constructor. For advanced uses (e.g. multi-process mode), do not use this method; create an `.HTTPServer` and call its `.TCPServer.bind`/`.TCPServer.start` methods directly. Note that after calling this method you still need to call ``IOLoop.current().start()`` to start the server. """ # import is here rather than top level because HTTPServer # is not importable on appengine from tornado.httpserver import HTTPServer server = HTTPServer(self, **kwargs) server.listen(port, address)
