Servlet 访问数据库

Servlet 数据库访问

本教程假定您已经了解了 JDBC 应用程序的工作方式。在您开始学习 Servlet 数据库访问之前，请访问 Java MySQL 连接来设置相关驱动及配置。

注意：这里需要添加连接数据库的驱动包，详细内容请参考《JDBC教程》，将mysql驱动包添加到项目的lib目录下

创建表

CREATE TABLE `websites` (
  `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `name` char(20) NOT NULL DEFAULT '' COMMENT '站点名称',
  `url` varchar(255) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
  `alexa` int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0' COMMENT 'Alexa 排名',
  `country` char(10) NOT NULL DEFAULT '' COMMENT '国家',
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=10 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

插入数据

INSERT INTO `websites` VALUES ('1', 'Google', 'https://www.google.cm/', '1', 'USA'), ('2', '淘宝', 'https://www.taobao.com/', '13', 'CN'), ('3', '编程字典', 'http://www.CodingDict.com', '5892', ''), ('4', '微博', 'http://weibo.com/', '20', 'CN'), ('5', 'Facebook', 'https://www.facebook.com/', '3', 'USA');

创建Servlet

package com.xxkt;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Statement;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

/**
 * Servlet implementation class ServletDB
 */
@WebServlet("/ServletDB")
public class ServletDB extends HttpServlet {
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
    // JDBC 驱动名及数据库 URL
    static final String JDBC_DRIVER = "com.mysql.jdbc.Driver";  
    static final String DB_URL = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3308/test_servlet_db";

    // 数据库的用户名与密码，需要根据自己的设置
    static final String USER = "root";
    static final String PASS = "123456";

    public ServletDB() {
        super();

    }


    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        Connection conn = null;
        Statement stmt = null;
        // 设置响应内容类型
        response.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8");
        PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
        String title = "Servlet Mysql 测试 - 编程字典(CodingDict.com)";
        String docType = "<!DOCTYPE html>\n";
        out.println(docType +
        "<html>\n" +
        "<head><title>" + title + "</title></head>\n" +
        "<body bgcolor=\"#f0f0f0\">\n" +
        "<h1 align=\"center\">" + title + "</h1>\n");
        try{
            // 注册 JDBC 驱动器
            Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");

            // 打开一个连接
            conn = DriverManager.getConnection(DB_URL,USER,PASS);

            // 执行 SQL 查询
            stmt = conn.createStatement();
            String sql;
            sql = "SELECT id, name, url FROM websites";
            ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery(sql);

            // 展开结果集数据库
            while(rs.next()){
                // 通过字段检索
                int id  = rs.getInt("id");
                String name = rs.getString("name");
                String url = rs.getString("url");

                // 输出数据
                out.println("ID: " + id);
                out.println(", 站点名称: " + name);
                out.println(", 站点 URL: " + url);
                out.println("<br />");
            }
            out.println("</body></html>");

            // 完成后关闭
            rs.close();
            stmt.close();
            conn.close();
        } catch(SQLException se) {
            // 处理 JDBC 错误
            se.printStackTrace();
        } catch(Exception e) {
            // 处理 Class.forName 错误
            e.printStackTrace();
        }finally{
            // 最后是用于关闭资源的块
            try{
                if(stmt!=null)
                stmt.close();
            }catch(SQLException se2){
            }
            try{
                if(conn!=null)
                conn.close();
            }catch(SQLException se){
                se.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        doGet(request, response);
    }
}

程序运行结果

Servlet访问数据库