C语言位字段和按位运算 C语言定义并使用字段 C语言预处理指令define C语言位字段和按位运算 /* dualview.c -- bit fields and bitwise operators */ #include <stdio.h> #include <stdbool.h> #include <limits.h> /* BIT-FIELD CONSTANTS */ /* line styles */ #define SOLID 0 #define DOTTED 1 #define DASHED 2 /* primary colors */ #define BLUE 4 #define GREEN 2 #define RED 1 /* mixed colors */ #define BLACK 0 #define YELLOW (RED | GREEN) #define MAGENTA (RED | BLUE) #define CYAN (GREEN | BLUE) #define WHITE (RED | GREEN | BLUE) /* BITWISE CONSTANTS */ #define OPAQUE 0x1 #define FILL_BLUE 0x8 #define FILL_GREEN 0x4 #define FILL_RED 0x2 #define FILL_MASK 0xE #define BORDER 0x100 #define BORDER_BLUE 0x800 #define BORDER_GREEN 0x400 #define BORDER_RED 0x200 #define BORDER_MASK 0xE00 #define B_SOLID 0 #define B_DOTTED 0x1000 #define B_DASHED 0x2000 #define STYLE_MASK 0x3000 const char * colors[8] = {"black", "red", "green", "yellow", "blue", "magenta", "cyan", "white"}; struct box_props { bool opaque : 1; unsigned int fill_color : 3; unsigned int : 4; bool show_border : 1; unsigned int border_color : 3; unsigned int border_style : 2; unsigned int : 2; }; union Views /* look at data as struct or as unsigned short */ { struct box_props st_view; unsigned short us_view; }; void show_settings(const struct box_props * pb); void show_settings1(unsigned short); char * itobs(int n, char * ps); int main(void) { /* create Views object, initialize struct box view */ union Views box = {{true, YELLOW , true, GREEN, DASHED}}; char bin_str[8 * sizeof(unsigned int) + 1]; printf("Original box settings:\n"); show_settings(&box.st_view); printf("\nBox settings using unsigned int view:\n"); show_settings1(box.us_view); printf("bits are %s\n", itobs(box.us_view,bin_str)); box.us_view &= ~FILL_MASK; /* clear fill bits */ box.us_view |= (FILL_BLUE | FILL_GREEN); /* reset fill */ box.us_view ^= OPAQUE; /* toggle opacity */ box.us_view |= BORDER_RED; /* wrong approach */ box.us_view &= ~STYLE_MASK; /* clear style bits */ box.us_view |= B_DOTTED; /* set style to dotted */ printf("\nModified box settings:\n"); show_settings(&box.st_view); printf("\nBox settings using unsigned int view:\n"); show_settings1(box.us_view); printf("bits are %s\n", itobs(box.us_view,bin_str)); return 0; } void show_settings(const struct box_props * pb) { printf("Box is %s.\n", pb->opaque == true ? "opaque": "transparent"); printf("The fill color is %s.\n", colors[pb->fill_color]); printf("Border %s.\n", pb->show_border == true ? "shown" : "not shown"); printf("The border color is %s.\n", colors[pb->border_color]); printf ("The border style is "); switch(pb->border_style) { case SOLID : printf("solid.\n"); break; case DOTTED : printf("dotted.\n"); break; case DASHED : printf("dashed.\n"); break; default : printf("unknown type.\n"); } } void show_settings1(unsigned short us) { printf("box is %s.\n", (us & OPAQUE) == OPAQUE? "opaque": "transparent"); printf("The fill color is %s.\n", colors[(us >> 1) & 07]); printf("Border %s.\n", (us & BORDER) == BORDER? "shown" : "not shown"); printf ("The border style is "); switch(us & STYLE_MASK) { case B_SOLID : printf("solid.\n"); break; case B_DOTTED : printf("dotted.\n"); break; case B_DASHED : printf("dashed.\n"); break; default : printf("unknown type.\n"); } printf("The border color is %s.\n", colors[(us >> 9) & 07]); } char * itobs(int n, char * ps) { int i; const static int size = CHAR_BIT * sizeof(int); for (i = size - 1; i >= 0; i--, n >>= 1) ps[i] = (01 & n) + '0'; ps[size] = '\0'; return ps; } C语言定义并使用字段 C语言预处理指令define