Spring Boot - 单元测试用例

单元测试是开发人员为确保单个单元或组件功能正常工作而进行的测试之一。

在本教程中，我们将看到如何使用Mockito和Web Controller编写单元测试用例。

Mockito

为了将Mockito Mocks注入Spring Beans，我们需要在构建配置文件中添加Mockito-core依赖项。

Maven用户可以在pom.xml文件中添加以下依赖项。

<dependency>
   <groupId>org.mockito</groupId>
   <artifactId>mockito-core</artifactId>
   <version>2.13.0</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
   <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
   <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
   <scope>test</scope>
</dependency>

Gradle用户可以在build.gradle文件中添加以下依赖项。

compile group: 'org.mockito', name: 'mockito-core', version: '2.13.0'
testCompile('org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-test')

此处给出了编写Service类的代码，该类包含一个返回String值的方法。

package com.codingdict.mockitodemo;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

@Service
public class ProductService {
   public String getProductName() {
      return "Honey";
   }
}

现在，将ProductService类注入另一个Service类文件，如图所示。

package com.codingdict.mockitodemo;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

@Service
public class OrderService {
   @Autowired
   ProductService productService;

   public OrderService(ProductService productService) {
      this.productService = productService;
   }
   public String getProductName() {
      return productService.getProductName();
   }
}

主要的Spring Boot应用程序类文件如下

package com.codingdict.mockitodemo;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;

@SpringBootApplication
public class MockitoDemoApplication {
   public static void main(String[] args) {
      SpringApplication.run(MockitoDemoApplication.class, args);
   }
}

然后，为测试配置应用程序上下文。@Profile（"test"）注释用于在测试用例运行时配置类。

package com.codingdict.mockitodemo;

import org.mockito.Mockito;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Primary;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Profile;

@Profile("test")
@Configuration
public class ProductServiceTestConfiguration {
   @Bean
   @Primary
   public ProductService productService() {
      return Mockito.mock(ProductService.class);
   }
}

现在，您可以在src/test/resources包下为Order Service编写单元测试用例。

package com.codingdict.mockitodemo;

import org.junit.Assert;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.mockito.Mockito;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.test.context.ActiveProfiles;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;

@SpringBootTest
@ActiveProfiles("test")
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
public class MockitoDemoApplicationTests {
   @Autowired
   private OrderService orderService;

   @Autowired
   private ProductService productService;

   @Test
   public void whenUserIdIsProvided_thenRetrievedNameIsCorrect() {
      Mockito.when(productService.getProductName()).thenReturn("Mock Product Name");
      String testName = orderService.getProductName();
      Assert.assertEquals("Mock Product Name", testName);
   }
}

下面给出了构建配置文件的完整代码。

Maven - pom.xml

<?xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns = "http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
   xmlns:xsi = "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
   xsi:schemaLocation = "http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0
   http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">

   <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
   <groupId>com.codingdict</groupId>
   <artifactId>mockito-demo</artifactId>
   <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
   <packaging>jar</packaging>

   <name>mockito-demo</name>
   <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>

   <parent>
      <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
      <version>1.5.9.RELEASE</version>
      <relativePath /> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
   </parent>

   <properties>
      <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
      <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
      <java.version>1.8</java.version>
   </properties>

   <dependencies>
      <dependency>
         <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
         <artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
         <groupId>org.mockito</groupId>
         <artifactId>mockito-core</artifactId>
         <version>2.13.0</version>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
         <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
         <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
         <scope>test</scope>
      </dependency>
   </dependencies>

   <build>
      <plugins>
         <plugin>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
         </plugin>
      </plugins>
   </build>

</project>

Gradle - build.gradle

buildscript {
   ext {
      springBootVersion = '1.5.9.RELEASE'
   }
   repositories {
      mavenCentral()
   }
   dependencies {
      classpath("org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-gradle-plugin:${springBootVersion}")
   }
}

apply plugin: 'java'
apply plugin: 'eclipse'
apply plugin: 'org.springframework.boot'

group = 'com.codingdict'
version = '0.0.1-SNAPSHOT'
sourceCompatibility = 1.8

repositories {
   mavenCentral()
}
dependencies {
   compile('org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter')
   compile group: 'org.mockito', name: 'mockito-core', version: '2.13.0'
   testCompile('org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-test')
}

您可以创建可执行的JAR文件，并使用以下Maven或Gradle1命令运行Spring Boot应用程序。

对于Maven，您可以使用如下所示的命令

mvn clean install

您可以在控制台窗口中查看测试结果。

查看测试结果

对于Gradle，您可以使用如下所示的命令

gradle clean build

您可以在控制台窗口中看到其余结果。

看到其余结果